Chapter 19- Internal and External Respiration

Question 1

bicarbonate ions

Answer 1

In chemistry it is a form of carbonic acid with a hydrogen ion (proton) removed; is a form of carbon dioxide that is transported in the blood plasma

Question 2

capillaries

Answer 2

group of small blood vessels connecting an arteriole to a venule in the tissues; the sites of capillary-tissue fluid exchange that provides nutrients to cells and carries away waste products of cell metabolism

Question 3

carbaminohemoglobin

Answer 3

Carbon dioxide molecules attached to hemoglobin; one of the forms which carbon dioxide exists in the blood

Question 4

carbonic anhydrase

Answer 4

An enzyme in the blood that converts carbonic acid into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions; needed for effective transport of carbon dioxide by the blood

Question 5

external respiration (and chemical equation)

Answer 5

Involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli of the lungs. Chemical equations involved:
Hb + O2 –> HbO2 (deoxyhemoglobin + oxygen –> oxyhemoglobin)
H(+) + HCO3(-) –> H2C03 –(carbonic anhydrase)–> H2O + C02 (Hydrogen ion + bicarbonate ion –> carbonic acid –> water + carbon dioxide

Question 6

internal respiration (and chemical equation)

Answer 6

Involves the exchange of gases between the capillaries and the tissue fluid. Chemical reactions involved:
HbO2 —> Hb + O2 ( oxyhemoglobin —> deoxyhemoglobin + oxygen)
CO2 + H2O –(carbonic anhydrase)–> H2CO3 –> H(+) + HCO3(-) (carbon dioxide + water —> carbonic acid –> hydrogen ion + bicarbonate ion)

Question 7

oxyhemoglobin

Answer 7

Oxygen carries by hemoglobin molecules (HbO2)

Question 8

pH

Answer 8

Measurement of the amount of free hydrogen ions (H+) in a system

Question 9

reduced hemoglobin

Answer 9

Extra hydrogen ions, produced in internal respiration, attach to hemoglobin to fir reduced hemoglobin (HHb), which keeps the pH at the correct level