Chapter 14- Heart Structure and Blood Flow

Question 1

aorta

Answer 1

Largest artery in the body; receives oxygenated blood, at pressure, directly from the left ventricle and transports it to the body

Question 2

atrium (right and left)

Answer 2

The chambers of the heart that receive blood from the body. Right atrium- Receives blood from the vena cava. Blood is low in oxygen. Pumps blood to right ventricle. Left atrium- Receives blood from the pulmonary veins. Blood is high in oxygen. Pumps blood into left ventricle

Question 3

atrioventricular valves (AV)

Answer 3

Valves between each atrium and ventricle that prevent blood from flowing back into the atrium

Question 4

chordae tendineae

Answer 4

Prevents the flaps of the AV valves from inverting

Question 5

heart

Answer 5

A cone shaped, fist sized, muscular organ found within the thoracic cavity beneath the sternum and between the lungs that function as a double pump that pushes blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits at the same time

Question 6

pulmonary trunk

Answer 6

A major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle. It branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 7

pulmonary arteries

Answer 7

Receives deoxygenated blood, at pressure, from the right ventricle and takes it to the lungs

Question 8

pulmonary veins

Answer 8

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Question 9

semilunar valves

Answer 9

Prevents backflow of blood into the heart from the aorta and pulmonary artery. During diastole the pressure in the vessel exceeds that in the ventricle, so blood would rush back into the chanter if not for the closing of these valves

Question 10

vena cava (superior and inferior)

Answer 10

Large vein that collects deoxygenated blood from the body and returns it to the right atrium of the heart. Superior vena cava- Venous return from the upper part of the body. Inferior vena cava- Venous return from the lower part of the body

Question 11

ventricle (right and left)

Answer 11

The chambers of the heart that receive blood from the atria and pump it out of the heart. Right ventricle- Receives blood from the right atrium across the right atrioventricular valve. Pumps low oxygen blood into the pulmonary artery and onwards to the lungs. Left ventricle- Receives high oxygen blood from the left atrium across the left atrioventricular valve (mitral valve). Pumps blood into the aorta and onwards to the body

Question 12

septum

Answer 12

Keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing in the atria and ventricles. Is also important in heartbeat and contration