Chapter 17- Anatomy of the Respiratory System

Question 1

alveoli (alveolus)

Answer 1

Sac with single cell layer design. Surrounded by pulmonary capillary beds for gas exchange

Question 2

bronchi (bronchus)

Answer 2

Connects trachea to the bronchioles. Similar design to trachea, but branched into the lungs and less thick cartilage. Muscular walls may constrict to reduce air flow to lungs

Question 3

bronchioles

Answer 3

Small branches on bronchi. Similar interior design. Entirely within the lung

Question 4

cilia

Answer 4

Short hair like structures that are able to produce movement; in the respiratory systems they move mucus and debris up and out of the airways (lungs)

Question 5

diaphragm

Answer 5

Dome-shaped muscular division between thoracic and abdominal cavities. When contracted it flattens out, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.

Question 6

larynx (voice box)

Answer 6

Cartilaginous chamber with two tissue flaps. Muscles in larynx pull on these two flaps to vary tension. Air passing over the ‘vocal cords’ cause them to vibrate at different rates, varying the pitch of sound produced in speech or singing

Question 7

mucus

Answer 7

A fluid substance produced by many lining tissues in the body, Secreted by goblet cells in respiratory system to trap foreign particles

Question 8

nasal cavity

Answer 8

A continuation of the nostrils that connects the nose to the pharynx; air from outside the body passes through two nostrils or nares and into the nasal cavities

Question 9

pharynx (throat)

Answer 9

A common passage for the food bolus to the esophagus and air to the trachea; swallowing is the process that occurs in the pharynx; connects nasal passage and mouth to the trachea (shared with both digestive and respiratory systems)

Question 10

pleural membranes

Answer 10

Lining of thoracic cavity. Produces serous fluid (like lymph) that lubricates lungs as they inflate/deflate in breathing movements.

Question 11

respiration

Answer 11

Includes external respiration (the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli of the lungs), internal respiration (the exchange of gases between the capillaries and the tissue fluid), and cellular respiration (the mitochondria in the cells using oxygen to burn glucose to produce ATP energy and the waste products carbon dioxide and water).

Question 12

respiratory tract

Answer 12

A system of organs involved in respiration including the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

Question 13

ribs

Answer 13

Bones surrounding thoracic cavity. Protect lungs and heart; external and intercostal muscles of thoracic wall lift ribs, enlarging thoracic cavity.

Question 14

thoracic cavity (chest cavity)

Answer 14

Upper body cavity which contain lungs and heart (in its own sub cavity). Surrounded by muscles and rib cage.

Question 15

trachea

Answer 15

Carry air to bronchi. Ringed with cartilage to prevent collapse. Lined with cilia and mucous producing glands to ‘filter’ incoming air.