Chapter 19 [ EXAM #3 ] Flashcards
three functions of blood
transport: gases, nutrients, hormones, waste
regulation: body temp, pH, fluid balance
protection: against toxins (WBCs and antibodies) and blood loss (platelets, proteins, clotting)
what is erythropoiesis and what does it require
production of erythrocytes (RBCs)
requires amino acids, iron, vitamins
what regulates erythropoiesis and where is it from
erythropoietin (EPO) from kidneys
function of erythropoietin (EPO)
↑ production and maturation of RBCs in red bone marrow
what are proerythroblasts
future RBCs
what is reticulocyte count
rate of RBCs produced
what stimulates EPO release
↓ blood oxygen levels
what is anemia
↓ oxygen carrying capacity in blood
what causes anemia
↓ number of mature RBCs
problems with iron/hemoglobin
does high altitudes increase or decrease oxygen availability
↓ availability of oxygen
what is pneumonia
lung respiratory surfaces damaged
what is blood doping
↑ number of RBCs in an endurance athlete to ↑ oxygen carrying capacity in blood
what is polycythemia
↑ number of RBCs
what is the lifespan and milage of mature RBCs
~ 120 days
~ 700 mi
do RBCs grow or divide? yes/no? why?
no; no nucleus
how are RBCs broken down
macrophages in spleen and liver
phagocytes in red bone marrow
recycled hemoglobin parts are turned into there two things…
globin proteins
iron (carried by transferrin in bloodstream to bone marrow)
(can be stored in liver)
what two things is heme converted into
biliverdin
bilirubin