Chapter 13 [ EXAM #1 ] Flashcards
function of spinal cord
conduction path to and from brain
what are spinal reflexes
rapid, automatic response triggered by different stimuli
one or more spinal segments
can occur without brain input
how long and wide is spinal cord
~18 inches long and 0.5 wide
what is conus medullaris
condensed cord ends L1 -> L2
what are spinal enlargements
what are the two types
more gray matter in segments of spinal cord dedicated to limbs
cervical enlargement: nerves to and from upper limbs
lumbar enlargement: nerves to and from lower limbs
where is filum terminale
anchored to coccyx
what are three spinal meninges
dura mater: outer-most
arachnoid mater
pia mater: inner-most
what is meningitis
inflammation of meninges (dura, arachnoid, pia)
functions of meninges
protect spinal cord from:
- shocks, bumps, blows
- bone contact
- anchors spinal cord
carries blood supply, nutrients, and O2
space in dura mater and function
epidural space
filled with adipose, blood vessels
between dura mater and vertebral canal
what is in cranial end of dura mater
occipital bone periosteum
what occurs in lateral end of dura mater
fuses with spinal nerve connective tissue
what is arachnoid mater
middle layer of meninges
what is in arachnoid mater
loose collagen and elastic fibers
function of subarachnoid space
circulates CSF
contains motor and sensory components
spinal anesthesia
CSF withdrawal
where is dura mater
outermost layer
what forms dura mater
dense collagen
where is pia mater
inner most
is pia mater durable or delicate
delicate
what runs onto of pia mater and where
blood vessels in subarachnoid space
function and location of denticulate ligaments
prevent lateral movement
from pia to dura mater
function of pia mater
anchors spinal cord
marks left and right sides of spinal cord
anterior median fissure
posterior median sulcus
what composes white matter
myelinated and unmyelinated axons
what composes gray matter
neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons
what are nuclei
functional group of neuron cell bodies in spinal cord
describe the four nuclei in the spinal cord in order from posterior to anterior
somatic sensory
visceral sensory
visceral motor
somatic motor
is sensory information processed through the ventral or dorsal gray horns?
dorsal
is motor information processed through the ventral or dorsal gray horns?
ventral
what describes axons crossing from side to side in the gray matter of the spinal cord
gray commissure