Chapter 17: Financial Management Flashcards

1
Q

Finance

A

The function in a business that acquires funds for the firm and manages them within the firm

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2
Q

Financial management

A

The job of managing a firms resources to meet its goal and objectives

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3
Q

Financial managers (not management)

A

Managers who examine the financial data by accountants and reccomend strategies for improving the financial performance of the firm

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4
Q

3 reasons why a firm fails financially

A

Undercapitalization (insufficient funds)
Poor control over cash flow
Inadequate expense control

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5
Q

Time value of money

A

A dollar in hand today is worth more than a dollar promised at some time in the future

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6
Q

Financial planning 3 steps

A

1) forecasting a firms short term and long term financial needs
2) developing a budget to meet those needs
3) establishing financial control to see weather the company is achieving its goal

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7
Q

Short term forecast

A

Forecast that predicts revenue, costs, and expense for a period of one year or less

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8
Q

Cash flow forecast

A

Forecast that predicts the cash inflow and outflows in future periods, usually months or quarters

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9
Q

Long term forecast

A

Forecast that predicts revenue, cost, and expenses for a period longer than one year

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10
Q

Budget

A

Financial plan that sets forth managements expectations, and, on the basis of those expectations, allocates the use of specific resources throughout the firm

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11
Q

Capital budget

A

A budget that forecasts a firms spending plans for major asset purchases that often require large sums of money, like property, buildings, and equipment

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12
Q

Cash budget

A

A budget that estimates a firms cash inflows and outflows during a particular period (month or quarter)

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13
Q

Operating (master) budget

A

The budget that ties together all of a firms other budgets and summarizes the business proposed finances activities

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14
Q

Financial control

A

Process in which a firm periodically compares its actually revenue, costs, and expenses with its projected ones

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15
Q

Capital expenditures

A

Major investments in either tangible or long term assets, such as land, buildings, and equipment or intangible assets such as patents and trademarks

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16
Q

Debt financing

A

Funds raised through various forms of borrowing that must be repaid

17
Q

Equity financing

A

Money raised from within the firm, from operations or through the sale of ownership in the firm

18
Q

Short term financing

A

Borrowed funds that are needed for one year or less

19
Q

Long term financing

A

Borrowed funds that are need for more than a year

20
Q

Trade credit

A

The practice of buying goods and services now and paying for them later

21
Q

Promissory note

A

A written contract with a promise to pay

22
Q

Secured loan

A

Loan backed by collateral

You don’t pay us back we take your house

23
Q

Unsecured loan

A

Loan that does not require any collateral

24
Q

Line of credit

A

A given amount of unsecured funds a bank will lend to a business

25
Commercial finance companies
Organizations that make short term loans to borrowers who offer tangible assets as collateral
26
Credit profile
A borrowers financial track record in the form of borrowing history
27
4 C’s of credit
Character Capacity Capital Conditions
28
Factoring
The process of selling accounts receivable for cash
29
Term loan agreement
A promissory note that requires the borrower to repay the loan in specified instalments
30
Bond
Cooperate certificate indicating that an investor has lent money to a firm or a government
31
Maturity date
Exact date the issuer of a bond must pay
32
Interest
Payment the bond issuer makes to the bond holders for use of borrowed money
33
Stocks (shares)
Shares of ownership in a company
34
Initial public offering
The first public offering of a corporations stock
35
Stock certificate
Evidence of stock ownership that specifies the name of a company, the number of shares, and the type of stock
36
Dividends
Part of a firms profits that may be distributed to shareholders as either cash payments or additional shares of stock
37
Common stock
The most basic form of ownership in a firm
38
Preferred stock
Stock that gives its openers preference in the payment of dividends and an ealier claim on assets
39
Venture capital
Money that is involved in new or emerging companies that are perceived as having great profit potential