Chapter 16 The Marine Enviroment

Question 1

Wave Refraction

Answer 1

When depth causes parts of the crest to move at different speeds, ending in the crest bending

Question 2

Beach

Answer 2

A sloping band of sediments (sand, pebbles, gravel, or mud) located at the edge of a sea. Composed of loose sediments that are deposited and moved around by waves

Question 3

Sea stack

Answer 3

A stack of rocks formed by the erosion of a headland, when weaker rocks get washed away by the ocean

Question 4

Estuary

Answer 4

Where a freshwater stream enters the salty ocean of doom

Question 5

Longshore Bar

Answer 5

Shallow water offshore lies above this here sand bar. Forms in front most of em old beaches..k

Question 6

Longshore current

Answer 6

An awesome current caused by water from incoming breaker waves spilling over the longshore bar.

Question 7

Rip current

Answer 7

A current that returns water out to sea through a gap in the longshore bar. They will knock you off your feet! Try swimming parallel to the shore.

Question 8

SPIT

Answer 8

Formed when a shoreline changes direction. Made with sediments that are deposited by longshore currents.

Question 9

Bay mouth bar

Answer 9

When a growing spit crosses a bay, this thing forms. It isolates zed bay and turns it magically into a lagoon.

Question 10

Barrier island

Answer 10

Sediment deposited by longshore current. Shaped in long ridges. Separated from the mainland

Question 11

Lagoon

Answer 11

An isolated body of saltwater close to the shore. It used to be a bay. Protected by bay mouth bars and barrier islands.

Question 12

Continental margin

Answer 12

A part of a continent that is below sea level. How sad. Sadface.

Question 13

Continental shelf

Answer 13

The shallowest part of the continental margin. Flat and extends from the shore to the continental slope.

Question 14

Continental slope

Answer 14

A steep slope (averages 100m/kilometer) that extends down from the continental shelf down to the abyss of oceanville. Apparently this is the edge of the continent since the continental crust stops here…

Question 15

Submarine canyon

Answer 15

The continental slope has lots of these dividing it. Cut by turbidity currents

Question 16

Turbidity current

Answer 16

Water currents along the bottom of the sea that carry tons of sediment

Question 17

Continental rise

Answer 17

Turbidity currents make submarine canyons by cutting away rock. Where does this cut away rock go? Here, which is a pile of sediments at the base of a continental slope. Not the edge of a continent sadly.

Question 18

Abyssal plain

Answer 18

Smooth areas of the ocean floor that are 5/6 km deep. Covered with tons of fine grained muddy sediments and sedimentary rocks that came from basaltic volcanoes at the bottom of the sea.

Question 19

Deep sea trench

Answer 19

A big depression in the ocean floor. Deeper than abyssal plains. They are elongated.

Question 20

Mid ocean ridge

Answer 20

A big ridge going through an ocean basin. About 1.5 kilometers tall BUT can be hundreds of kilometers wide. The highest peaks emerge as volcanic islands.

Question 21

Seamount

Answer 21

A submerged basaltic volcano more than 1 km high. Does not erupt. They are remnants of a long past volcanic age.