Chapter 16- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Flashcards
According to the World Health Organization, _________ is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD
COPD is not fully
Reversible
COPD has been diagnosed in approximately how many people
16 million
there are millions more people who have _____ and do not know it
COPD
according to the CDC, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD is the _____ leading cause of death in the United States
4th
COPD is an umbrella term used to describe several lung disease diseases, including:
emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Ongoing irritation of the trachea and bronchi
COPD can be a result of lung and airway damage from repeated infections, but it is most commonly stemmed from
Cigarette smoking
are those cigarettes are a direct cause of lung cancer their role in the development of ____ is far more significant and less publicized
COPD
chronic bronchitis results from a bronchial irritant known as
Tobacco smoke
with bronchitis, excessive _____ is produced, which then obstructs small airways and alveoli
mucus
chronic oxygenation problems can lead to
Right sided heart failure
right sided heart failure can lead to fluid retention such as _____ in the legs
edema
what can easily develop when air passages are persistently obstructed?
Pneumonia
these repeated episodes of an irritation and pneumonia cause scarring in the lungs, and sometimes dilate obstructed alveoli leading to
COPD
The most common form of COPD is
Emphysema
Define emphysema
The loss of elastic material in the lungs that occur when the alveolar air spaces are chronically stretched due to inflamed, airways, and obstruction of airflow out of the lungs
what is another factor that can also destroy the elasticity of the lung tissue
Smoking
normally, the lungs are like spongy balloons that are inflated, and once they’re inflated, they naturally recoil due to their elastic nature but when they’re constantly obstructed or elasticity is diminished then air is no longer expelled and the walls fall apart. This leaves ______ in the lungs
holes
Most patients with COPD have elements of both _____ and ______
Emphysema
Chronic bronchitis
Few patients will have only _____ or _____
Emphysema or Bronchitis
Most patients with COPD will chronically produce _____, have a chronic ______, and have difficulty _______
sputum
cough
expelling air from the lungs
Patients with COPD may present with adventituous breath sounds such as:
Crackles
Rhonchi (coarse, low-pitched)
Wheezes
or they may have diminished breath sounds
