Chapter 16 Flashcards
Disorder
state of mental/behavior ill health
patterns
finding a collection of symptoms that tend to go together and not just seeing a single symptom
Deviant
different from the norm
depends on context
dysfunction
impact of psychological disorder on a persons ability to manage day-to-day tasks and relationships
distress
internal anguish that can lead to desperation and suicide
The diagnostic and statistical manual
DSM
consistent with diagnoses used by doctors worldwide
used to justify payment for treatment
Anxiety disorders
includes intense, irrational anxiety that interferes with daily functioning
Panic disorders
recurrent transient attacks of intense fearfulness
Generalized anxiety disorder
persistent, excessive anxiety and worry that lasts for months
Phobic disorders
intense, irrational fears that are centered on a specific object, activity, or situation
treatment: fear conditioning
Cognitive Behavior Therapy
CBT
structured, goal oriented counseling directed more at education abt disorder and skills to manage symptoms
Anxiolytics
drugs that relieve anxiety
Benzodiazepines
valium and xanax
boost effects of GABA receptor which normally inhibits neuronal activity throughout cortex
Systematic desensitization
gradually exposing person to feared object/situation so they can learn there’s no real danger
Obsessive compulsive disorder OCD
obsessions: intense, unwanted worries, ideas, and images that repeatedly pop into mind
compulsions: repeatedly strong feelin of “needing” to carry out an action, even if it doesn’t make sense
treatment: responds well to CBT and antidepressants
Post traumatic stress disorder
PTSD
10 to 35% people who experience trauma have vivid, intense memories for 4 weeks to a lifetime after
Major depressive disorder MDD
depressed, lowered interest (must be one or both)
then 3 of others
weight change, insomnia, worthlessness, fatigue, etc.
Electroconvulsive shock therapy ECT
intentional induction of large-scale seizure can rapidly reverse sever depression
they dont know why it works
Monoamine hypothesis
depression caused by reduced activity of monoamine transmitters
1st antidepressans
inhibitors of monoamine oxidase which inactivated monoamine
inhibitors increase monoamines in synapsis
Tricyclics
2nd gen antidepressants
inhibit reuptake of monoamine prolonging synaptic activity
Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors SSRIs
inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
modern antidepressants
dont help everyone
1/3 with placebo felt better
Depressions endless treadmill
Thoughts (negative) no point in trying
->
Mood (low) feel guilty, discouraged
->
behavior (reduced)
less active, avoid people/situations
Bipolar disorder
once called “manic depressive disorder”
mania: elevated mood, euphoric, impulsive, etc.
depressed mood: withdrawal, pessimism, etc.
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
many young people have cycles from depression the extended rage rather than mania
Schizophrenia
psychosis: mental split from reality and rationality
disorg., delusional thinking, inappropriate emotions/actions
Positive schizophrenia symptoms
presence of problematic behaviors
hallucinations
delusions
disorg, thought and nonsensical speech
bizarre behaviors
Negative schizophrenia symptoms
absence of healthy behaviors
flat effect (no facial emotion)
lower social interaction
anhedonia (no enjoyment)
avolition (less motivation)
alogia (speaking less)
catatonia (moving less)
Onset and development of schizophrenia
symptoms typically appear at end of adolescence and in early adulthood later for women
1 in 100 develop, more men than women
course of schizophrenia can be acute/reactive or chronic
Acute/reactive schizophrenia course
in reaction to stress, some people develop positive symptoms such as hallucinations
recovery is likely
chronic/process schizophrenia course
develops slowly with more negative symptoms
with treatment and support periods of normal life, no cure
without treatment often leads to poverty and social problems
Dissociative Identity Disorder
DID
formerly “multiple personality disorder”
personalities are distinct and not present at the same time
may or may not appear to be aware of each other
Anorexia Nervosa
compulsion to loose weight, certainty about being fat despite being 15% or more underweight
0.6% meet criteria
Bulimia Nervosa
Compulsion to binge (large amounts of food in a short period) and purge (vomit, laxatives, extreme exercise)
1%
Binge-Eating Disorder
Compulsion to binge, followed by guilt and depression
2.8%
Personality disorders
enduring impairments in interacting with others that cause the client significant distress
diagnosis difficult b/c social norms and age appropriate behavior
Schizotypal personality disorder
resembles schizophrenia; client may have unconventional, paranoid beliefs, and eccentric behavior that makes it difficult to maintain relationships
at risk for developing schizophrenia
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)
behavior/thinking characterized by rigidity regarding order, organization, and notions of what is right and wrong
preoccupied with orderliness and perfectionism
Narcissistic personality disorder
characterized by sense of self-importance requiring excessive admiration and lack of empathy for others
Borderline Personality Disorder
emotional instability, identity disturbances, and impulsive behavior that impairs relationships with other people
client somewhere between psychosis and neurosis
immense fear of being abandoned may lead friends to be driven away
psychotherapy can be effective to regulate emotions
Avoidant personality disorder
characterized by social phobia or extreme sensitivity about negative comments or behaviors from others, interpersonal contact avoided
CBT can increase self esteem and confdence
Antisocial Personality Disorder ASPD
pattern of disregard for other peoples rights, with little evidence of remorse for harm done to others
tend to be impulsive and antagonistic
extreme cases psychopaths or sociopaths
may not ever seek help
