Chapter 14 Flashcards
Personality
an individuals characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors persisting over time and across situations
Freud’s path to developing psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
decided to explore how mental and physical symptoms could be caused by psychological factors
Free association
psychoanalysis technique
encouraged patient to speak whatever comes to mind and the therapist traces a flow of thoughts into the past and unconscious
Freud’s personality/mind iceberg
Personality develops from ego resolving tension between id and superego
ego at top
preconscious on water
superego and id in water
Ego
mostly conscious
rational self
id
unconscious energy
biological drives
superego
internalized ideals
societies rules and constraints
Preconscious
outside awareness, accessible unconscious mind
Humanistic Theory of Personality
in the 1960’s some psychologists began to reject dehumanizing ideas in behaviorism
Studied healthy people
focused on conditioned that support healthy personal growth (humanism)
Maslow
the self actualizing person
pyramid of needs
self actualization
fulfilling ones potential, and self-transcendence
Rogers person centered perspective
people have natural tendencies to grow and move toward self actualization
3 conditions facilitate
1. Genuineness
2. Acceptance
3. Empathy
Self concept
core of personality
sense of nature and identity
Trait theory of personality
Gordon Allport disagrees with Freud
MBTI (myers briggs type indicator) shows how people differ in traits
made up of a collection of traits and behavioral predispositions that can be identified and measured
Trait
An enduring quality that makes a person tend to act a certain way
The big five personality factors
- Conscientiousness: self discipline, careful pursuit of delayed goals
- Agreeableness: helpful, trusting, friendliness
- Neuroticism: anxiety, insecurity, emotional instability
- Openness: flexibility, nonconformity, variety
- Extraversion: drawing energy from others, sociability
CANOE
Stability of traits
ones profile of traits doesn’t change much over lifetime
Predictive value
levels of success in work and relationships relates to traits
Personality and situation
personality affects situation and personality is affected by situation
Reciprocal influences in personality
“the kind of person who does rock climbing”
tendency to enjoy risky behavior affects choice of friends who may engage in rock climbing, which may lead to identifying the activity
Biological influences on personality
genetically determine temperament
autonomic NS reactivity
brain activity
Psychological influences on personality
learned responses
unconscious thought processes
expectations and interpretations
Social-cultural influences on personality
childhood experiences
influence of the situation
cultural expectations
social support
locus of control
our perception of where the seat of power over our lives is located
internal locus of control
we feel that we are in charge of ourselves and our circumstances
too much: blame ourselves for bad events, illusion we have power to prevent them
External locus of control
picture a force outside of ourselves controls our fate
too much: loose initiative, lose motivation, more anxiety about what might happen
