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Psy 101 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Intelligence

A

can be defined as “whatever, intelligence test measure”

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2
Q

Intelligence tests

A

series of questions and other exercised which attempt to assess peoples mental abilities in a way that generates a numerical score so one person can be compared to another

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3
Q

General knowledge

A

AKA “g”
Charles spearmen performed a factor analysis and found people who do well in one subject do well in another; speculated these people had a high g

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4
Q

Factor analysis

A

statistical technique that determines how different variables relate to each other

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5
Q

Assessing intellegence

A

assessment- activity and instruments used to measure intelligence

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6
Q

Alfred Binet predicting school achievement

A

in late 1800’s france law required universal education even for those not able to succeed with the current instruction
devised tests for children to determine which ones needed help
implied children with lower ability were delayed not disabled and with help they could improve

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7
Q

Stanford Binet IQ test

A

Lewis Terman adapted Alfred Binets test added new test items and extended the range to adulthood

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8
Q

William Sterns Scoring

A

IQ

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9
Q

IQ

A

Intelligence Quotient
mental age divided by chronological age x 100

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10
Q

Wechsler intelligence skill for children WISC

A

most widely used
provides IQ and 4 sub scores
(working memory, comprehension, perceptual reasoning, and processing speed)

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11
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Score WAIS

A

Similar test to WISC

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12
Q

The Stanford Binet, WISC, and WAIS are

A

individually administered
standardization
normalized

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13
Q

Individual administration

A

1 examiner and 1 participant

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14
Q

Standardization

A

examiners follow a specific list of instructions, including exact words to use, and how to hold materials such as pictures

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15
Q

Normalized

A

administered to many people so that the performance average and variability are established

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16
Q

Percentile

A

A way to compare test stores; percentage of the comparable population that scored below a given score

ex: 99th percentile; exceeds 99 percent of the population

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17
Q

Frequency distribution

A

Range of scored on x axis; # of people who got each score on y axis

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18
Q

Normal distribution

A

Bell-shaped curve describing the distribution of scores around a mean

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19
Q

Standard deviation

A

the average distance or “deviation” of each score from the mean

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20
Q

No matter what the mean or standard deviation happens to be:

A
  1. 68% of scored will be within 1 standard deviation
  2. 95% of scores will be within 2 standard deviations of the mean
  3. 99% of the scores will be within 3 standard deviations of the mean
21
Q

Thurstone’s seven clusters of abilities

A

disagreed with idea of one general measure and trait of overall intelligence
results pf 56 skill tests fell into 7 clusters
1. verbal comprehension
2. inductive reasoning
3. word fluency
4. spatial ability
5. memory
6. perceptual spped
7. numerical ability

22
Q

Sternberg’s 3 types of intelligence

A
  1. Analytical Intelligence
  2. Practical Intelligence
  3. Creative intelligence
23
Q

Analytical intelligence

A

“book smarts” analyzing abstract information

24
Q

Practical Intelligence

A

“street smarts” ability to adapt to everyday life

25
Creative intelligence
"insight" seeing solutions others don't
26
Savant syndrome
having isolated "islands" of high ability amidst a sea of below average cognitive and social functioning
27
Howard gardeners multiple intelligences
noted different people have intelligence in different areas 1. naturalist 2. linguistic 3. logical/mathematical 4. musical 5. spatial 6. bodily/kinesthetic 7. intrapersonal 8. interpersonal
28
Creativity
the ability to produce ideas that are novel and valuable uses divergent thinking
29
Convergent thinking
a left-brain activity involving zeroing in on a single correct answer
30
Divergent thinking
the ability to generate new ideas, new actions, and multiple options and answers
31
Strategies to boost creativity
1. develop expertise 2. "incubation" sleeping on it 3. mental wandering 4. experiencing other cultures/ways of thinking (mental flexibility)
32
Social intelligence
ability to understand and navigate social situations
33
Emotional intelligence
processing and managing the emotional component of those social situations, including ones own emotions
34
Perceiving emotions
recognizing emotions in facial expressions, stories, and even in music component of emotional intelligence
35
Understanding emotions
being able to see blended emotions and to predict emotional states and changes in self and others component of emotional intelligence
36
managing emotions
modulating and expressing emotions in various situations component of emotional intelligence
37
using emotions
fuel and motivation for creative, adaptive thinking component of emotional intelligence
38
Benefits of emotional intellegence
ability to delay gratification while pursuing long-term goals correlates with success in career in other social situations
39
Achievement tests
measure what you have already learned ex: final exam, literacy test
40
Aptitude tests
Attempt to predict your ability to learn new skills ex: SAT, ACT
41
Evidence for change/decline of intelligence during aging
cross sectional: examine people of different ages all at once older adults do not perform as well as younger adults account for generational/resource differences
42
Evidence for stability of intelligence over time
longitudinal: track performance of one group of people (cohort) over time intelligence remains stable of even increases over time practice effects longer life is correlated with intelligence
43
Adoption studies
With age, the intelligence test scores of adoptees look more and more like that of their biological parents
44
Environmental effect on intelligence
environment has more of an effect under extreme conditions such as abuse, neglect, and extreme poverty
45
Tutored human enrichment
has a larger impact on compensating for deprivation than boosting intelligence under normal conditions
46
The "Racial" intelligence test
not distinct genetically "whites" may have more access to "fertile soil"
47
Stereotype threat
refers to feeling that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype may interfere with performance by making people use their working memory for worrying instead of thinking
48
Self confirming/fulfilling
the effect of minority status on performance is worsened by worrying about that effect

Psy 101 (15 decks)

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