Chapter 15 Flashcards
Personality psychologists
(speaking up in class)
traits that make one person more likely than another to speak
Social psychologists
(speaking up in class)
aspects of classroom situations that would influence ant students decision about speaking
Attribution
a conclusion about the cause of an observed behavior
Attribution theory
we explain others behavior with 2 types of attributions
situational and dispositional
situational attribution
factors outside person doing the action
dispositional attribution
persons stable, enduring traits, personality, ability, emotions
fundamental attribution error
when we go too far in assuming a persons behavior is caused by their personality
attitude
feelings, ideas, and beliefs that affect how we approach and react to other people, objects, and events
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
tendency to be more likely to agree to a large request after agreeing to a small one
role playing affect
eventually tend to adopt attitudes that go with the role, and become the role
Cognitive dissonance
when our actions are not in harmony with our attitudes
self handicapping
avoiding effort so potential failure wont damage self esteem
conformity
adjusting our behavior or thinking to fit in with a group standard
automatic mimicry
affecting behavior
ex: contagious yawning, adopting regional accents, empathetic shifts in mood
social norms
affecting our thinking
Milgram obedience study
researchers tell participants to continue shocking person behind wall though they yell out in pain
social facilitation
presence of audience “facilitate” better performance for everyone except newcomers
social loafing
tendency of people in a group to show less effort when not held individually accountable
group polarization
people of similar views form a group and views become more extreme
groupthink
in pursuit of social harmony and in avoidance of open disagreement groups will make decisions without open exchange of ideas
prejudice
unjustified attitude towards a group
discrimination
unjustified behavior selectively applied to members of a group
stereotype
generalized belief about a group
social inequality
when some groups have fewer resources and opportunities than others
scapegoat theory
when bad things happen, prejudice offers an outlet for anger by finding someone to blame
prejudice link to fear
prejudice seems absent in people with inactive fear responses in the amygdala
other-race effect
more easily recognize own race
the just-world fallacy
believing justice generally happens, people get benefits and punishment they deserve
Aggression
behavior with intent of harming another person
testosterone levels correlated
the mere exposure effect
merely seeing someone face and name makes them more likeable
/more likely to develop attraction to someone you’ve seen a lot
altruism
unselfish regard for welfare of other people
bystander effect
fewer people help when others are available
1. diffusion of responsibility
2. people in a crowd follow others example
3. after a while people rationalize inaction
