Chapter 15.4

Question 1

Major Depression

Answer 1

A more extreme condition in which the person experiences little interest, pleasure, or motivation for weeks at a time.

Question 2

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Answer 2

People repeatedly become depressed during a particular season of the year.

Question 3

Bipoloar Disorder

Answer 3

Someone alternates between mood extremes.

Question 4

Mania

Answer 4

Opposite of depression, people are constantly active and uninhibited.

Question 5

Tricyclic Drugs

Answer 5

Interfere with the axon’s ability to reabsorb the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin after releasing them.

Question 6

Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI’s)

Answer 6

Have a similar effect as tricyclic drugs, but block re-uptake of only serotonin.

Question 7

Monoamine Oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Answer 7

Block the metabolic breakdown of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin by the enzyme monoamine oxidase.

Question 8

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 8

A brief electrical shock is administered across the patient’’s head to induce a convulsion similar to epilepsy.

Question 9

Schizophrenia

Answer 9

Someone must exhibit a deterioration of daily activities such as work, social relations, and self-care, and some combination of the following: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and thought, movement disorder.

Question 10

Hallucinations

Answer 10

Are perceptions that do not correspond to anything in the real world.

Question 11

Delusions

Answer 11

Are beliefs that are strongly held despite a lack of evidence for them.

Question 12

Delusion of persecution

Answer 12

Is a belief that enemies are persecuting you.

Question 13

Delusion of grandeur

Answer 13

Is a belief that you are unusually important.

Question 14

Delusion of reference

Answer 14

Is a tendency to take all sorts of messages personally.

Question 15

Paranoid Schizophrenia

Answer 15

People with prominent hallucinations and delusions.

Question 16

DISC 1

Answer 16

Disrupted in schizophrenia- 1 (1 of the 14 genes researches have found linked to schizophrenia.) A gene that regulates production of new neurons in the hippocampus.

Question 17

Copy number variants

Answer 17

(deletions and duplication’s of tiny parts of a chromosome) in about 15% of people with schizophrenia.

Question 18

Neurodevelopmental hypothesis

Answer 18

Schizophrenia originates with nervous system impairments that develop before birth or in early childhood because of either genetics or early environment, especially prenatal environment.

Question 19

Season-of-birth Effect

Answer 19

A person born in the winter or early spring is slightly more likely to develop schizophrenia than a person born at other times.

Question 20

Antipsychotic Drug

Answer 20

A drug that can relieve schizophrenia.

Question 21

Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia

Answer 21

Underlying cause of schizophrenia is excessive stimulation of certain types of dopamine synapses.

Question 22

Tardive Dyskinesia

Answer 22

A condition characterized by tremors and involuntary movements.

Question 23

Atypical (or Second generation) antipsychotic drugs

Answer 23

such as risperidone and clozapine, relieve schizophrenia without causing tardive dyskinesia.

Question 24

Autism

Answer 24

Impaired social relationships ( little eye contact, little social contact) Impaired communication ( repetitive speech, no sustained conversations) Stereotyped Behaviors (repetitive movments such as flapping fingers)

Question 25

Positive and Negative symptom

Answer 25

Positive by the presence of some behavior, and negative by the absence of a behavior.