Chapter 13.1 - 13.2

Question 1

Altruistic Behavior

Answer 1

Helping others despite a cost to ourselves

Question 2

Prisoner’s Dilemma

Answer 2

A situation where people choose between a cooperative act and a competitive act that benefits themselves but hurts others.

Question 3

Diffusion of Responsibility

Answer 3

We feel less responsibility to act when other people are equally able to act.

Question 4

Pluralistic Ignorance

Answer 4

A situation in which people say nothing, and each person falsely assumes that others have a better-informed opinion.

Question 5

Social Loafing

Answer 5

The tendency to “loaf” (or work less hard) when sharing work with other people.

Question 6

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 6

The main cause of anger and aggression is frustration - an obstacle that stands in the way of doing something or obtaining something.

Question 7

Social Perception Cognition

Answer 7

The process for learning about others and making inferences from that information.

Question 8

Primacy Effect

Answer 8

The first information we learn about someone influences us more than later information does.

Question 9

Self-Fulfilling Prophecies

Answer 9

Expectations that increase the probability of the predicted event.

Question 10

Stereotype

Answer 10

A belief or expectation about a group of people

Question 11

Prejudice

Answer 11

An unfavorable attitude toward a group of people

Question 12

Discrimination

Answer 12

Unequal treatment of different groups.

Question 13

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Answer 13

Which measures reactions to combinations of categories, such as flowers and pleasant.

Question 14

Multiculturalism

Answer 14

Accepting, recognizing, and enjoying the differences among people and groups.

Question 15

Attribution

Answer 15

The set of thought processes we use to assign causes to our own behavior and that of others

Question 16

External Attributions

Answer 16

Are explanations based on the situation, including events that would influence almost anyone.

Question 17

Consensus Information

Answer 17

(How the person’s behavior compares with other people’s behavior) If someone behaves the same way you believe other people would in the same situation, you make an external attribution, recognizing that the situation led to the behavior.

Question 18

Consistency Information

Answer 18

(How the person’s behavior varies from one time to the next) If someone almost always seems friendly, you make an internal attribution (Friendly person)

Question 19

Distinctiveness

Answer 19

(How the person’s behavior varies from one situation to another) If your friend is pleasant to all but one individual, you assume that person has done something to irritate your friend ( an external attribution)

Question 20

Actor-Observer Effect

Answer 20

People are more likely to make internal attributions for other people’s behavior and more likely to make external attributions for their own.

Question 21

Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)

Answer 21

To make internal attributions for people’s behavior even when we see evidence for an external influence on behavior.

Question 22

Self-Serving Biases

Answer 22

Attributions that we adopt to maximize credit for success and minimize blame for failure.

Question 23

Self-Handicapping Strategies

Answer 23

Intentionally put themselves at a disadvantage to provide an excuse for failure.