Chapter 14.2 - 14.3 Flashcards
Nomothetic Approach
seeks borad, general principles of personality based on studies of groups of people
Idiographic Approach
“individual” concentrates on intensive studies of individuals, looking for what makes someone special.
Trait
A consistent tendency in behavior, such as shyness, hostility, or talkativeness.
State
is a temporary activation of a particular behavior. For example being nervous most of the time is a trait, but being afraid right now is a state.
Trait approach to personality
People have consistent characteristics in the their behavior
Belief in a just world
Maintain that life is fair and people usual get what they deserve
Self-esteem
the evaluation of one’s own abilities, performance and worth
Big Five personality traits
neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to new experience.
Neuroticism
is a tendency to experience unpleasant emotions frequently.
Extraversion
is a tendency to seek stimulation and to enjoy the company of other people
Agreeableness
is a tendency to be compassionate toward others.
Conscientiousness
is a tendency to show self-discipline, to be dutiful, and to strive for achievement and competence.
Openness to experience
is a tendency to enjoy new intellectual experiences and new ideas.
Unshared environment
the aspects of environment that differ from one individual to another, even within a family.
Barnum Effect
this tendency to accept vague descriptions of our personality.
Standardized Test
is one that is administered according to rules that specify how to interpret the results.
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
MMPI - consists of true false questions intended to measure certain personality dimensions and clinical conditions.
MMPI - 2
Example items are my mother never loved me and i think i would like the work of a pharmacist.
Neo Pi-R
(Neo personality inventory-revised) includes 240 items to measure neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness.
Thematic Apperception Test
(TAT) The person is asked to make up a story for each picture, describing what events led up to this scene. What is happening now and what will happen in the future.
Implicit Personality test
measures some aspect of your personality without your awareness
Projective Techniques
Which are designed to encourage people to project their personality characteristics onto ambiguous stimuli.
Rorschach Inkblots
a projective technique based on peoples interpretations of 10 ambiguous inkblots
Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
is a test of normal personality, loosely based on Carl Jung’s Theories
