Chapter 1

Question 1

Free will vs Determinism

Answer 1

Individual choice vs the idea that every event has a cause, or determinant that one could observe or measure

Question 2

Mind Brain Probelm

Answer 2

Dualism - mind is separate from the brain but somehow controls the brain and therefor the rest of the body (Dualism contradicts the law of conservation of matter and energy) Monism - the view that conscious experience is inseparable from the physical brain. Mental activity is brain activity, mind is a brain function.

Question 3

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 3

Nature - Genes and biological / hereditary vs Nurture - the environment and how one is raised - social custom

Question 4

Clinical Psychologist

Answer 4

Has an advanced degree in psychology (Master, Ph D, or Psy D) with a specialty in understanding and helping people with psychological problems (anxiety depression) can’t subscribe drugs.

Question 5

Psychiatry

Answer 5

Is a branch of medicine that deals with emotional disturbances. first must earn a MD degree then 4 years of residency training in psychiatry. They are medical doctors ( can subscribe drugs) More work in mental hospitals than C. Psychologist dealing with sever disorders.

Question 6

Psychoanalysts

Answer 6

Therapy providers who rely heavily on the theories and methods pioneered by the early twentieth-century Viennese physician Sigmund Freud and later modified by others. Psychiatry or clinical psychology plus 6-8 years in psychoanalytic institute.

Question 7

Clinical Social Worker

Answer 7

Similar to clinical psych but with different training. Most cases has a MD(masters) in social work with specialization in psychological problems. (typically cheaper than psychologists)

Question 8

Psychiatric Nurse

Answer 8

(nurse with additional training in psychiatry) 2 years AA to masters, plus supervised experience. provides similar services as clinical social worker

Question 9

Counseling Psychologist

Answer 9

Help people with educational, vocational, marriage, health related, and other decisions. Has a Doctors ( PH D, Psy D, Ed D)

Question 10

Forensic Psychologist

Answer 10

Provide advice and consultation to police, lawyers and courts. They are clinical or counseling psych, with additional training in legal issues they advice on such decisions as to whether a defendant is mentally competent to stand trial or whether someone eligible for parole is dangerous.

Question 11

Industrial/organizational (I/o) psychology

Answer 11

Study of people at work, hiring, training, developing work teams, determining salaries, feedback about performance

Question 12

Human factors specialist (ergonomist)

Answer 12

Tries to facilitate the operation of machinery so that ordinary people can use it efficiently and safely. Communication between people and machinery.

Question 13

School psychologist

Answer 13

Specialists in the psychological condition of students usually k - 12

Question 14

Developmental Psychologist

Answer 14

Study how behavior changes with age “from womb to tomb”

Question 15

Learning and motivation studies

Answer 15

How behavior depends on the outcomes of past behaviors and current motivations.

Question 16

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 16

Refers to thought and knowledge - studies those processes (the root cogn - shows up in the word recognize which means to know again) focus on how people make decisions and solve problems, Memory, thinking.

Question 17

Bio-psychologist (Behavioral neuroscientist)

Answer 17

Explain behavior in terms of biological factors, such as activities of the nervous system. The effects of drugs and hormones, genetics, and evolutionary pressures. Relationship between brain and behavior.

Question 18

Evolutionary psychologist

Answer 18

Tries to explain behavior in terms of the evolutionary history of the species, including why evolution might have favored a tendency to act in particular ways. Evolutionary history of behavior. “how did people evolve their facial expressions of emotion?”

Question 19

Social Psychologist

Answer 19

Study how an individual influences other people and how the group influences an individual. Group behavior social influences.

Question 20

Cross Culture Psychology

Answer 20

Compares the behavior of people from different cultures.

Question 21

Community Psychologists

Answer 21

Organization, Social Structure

Question 22

Educational Psychologists

Answer 22

Improvement of learning in school

Question 23

Personality Psychologists

Answer 23

Personality differences.

Question 24

Psychometrician

Answer 24

Measuring intelligence, personality, interests.

Question 25

Structuralism (Titchener 1910)

Answer 25

An attempt to describe the structures that compose the mind. Particularly sensations, feelings, and images (relay on introspection)

Question 26

Functionalism (William James 1890)

Answer 26

What the mind does rather than what it is, how people produce useful behaviors mental states are constituted by their casual relations to one another and to sensory inputs and behavioral outputs.

Question 27

Psychophysical function

Answer 27

The mathematical description of the relationship between the physical stimulus and its perceived properties.

Question 28

Comparative Psychologist

Answer 28

Specialist who compare different animal species.

Question 29

Behaviorism

Answer 29

Concentrates on observable, measurable behaviors and not on mental process.

Question 30

Basic Research

Answer 30

Seeks theoretical knowledge for its own sake - such as understanding the process of learning and memory.

Question 31

Applied Research

Answer 31

Deals with practical problems, such as how to help children with learning disabilities.

Question 32

Positive Psychology

Answer 32

Studies the predisposition and experiences that make people happy, productive and successful

Question 33

Health Psychologist

Answer 33

Study how peoples health is influenced by their behaviors such as smoking, drinking, sexual activity, exercise, diet and reactions to stress.

Question 34

Sports Psychologist

Answer 34

Apply psychological research to help athletes set goals, train and concentrate their efforts.

Question 35

Scientific Method

Answer 35

1. Hypothesis - A clear predictive statement
2. Method - A particular form of procedure for accomplishing something
3. Results - the outcome of something
4. Interpretation - the explanation or meaning how it was perceived..