Chapter 14.1

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

consists of all the consistent ways in which the behavior of one person differs from that of others, especially in social situations.

Question 2

Psychodynamic theory

Answer 2

relates personality to the interplay of conflicting forces, including unconscious ones, within the individual

Question 3

Catharsis

Answer 3

a release of pent-up emotional tension

Question 4

Psychoanalysis

Answer 4

Referred to his method of explaining and dealing with personality , based on the interplay of conscious and unconscious forces.

Question 5

Unconscious

Answer 5

a repository of memories, emotions, and thoughts, many of them illogical, that affect our behavior even though we cannot talk about them.

Question 6

Oedipus Complex

Answer 6

when he develops a sexual interest in his mother and competitive aggression toward his father.

Question 7

Psychosexual pleasure

Answer 7

all strong, pleasant excitement arising from body stimulation.

Question 8

Libido

Answer 8

Psychosexual energy. from a latin word meaning desire

Question 9

Fixated

Answer 9

person continues to be preoccupied with the pleasure area associated with that stage.

Question 10

Oral Stage

Answer 10

From birth to 1 1/2 years, the infant derives intense psychosexual pleasure from stimulation of the mouth, particularly while sucking at the mothers breast

Question 11

Anal Stage

Answer 11

At about 1 1/2 children enter the anal stage, when they get psychosexual pleasure from the sensations of bowel movements.

Question 12

Phallic Stage

Answer 12

beginning at about 3, children begin to play with their genitals.

Question 13

Latent Period

Answer 13

From about 5 - 6 until adolescence, in which they suppress their psychosexual interest. Play with mostly peers of their own sex.

Question 14

Genital Stage

Answer 14

Beginning at puberty, young people take a strong sexual interest in other people

Question 15

Ego

Answer 15

is the rational, decision- making aspect of the personality.

Question 16

Id

Answer 16

consists of sexual and other biological drives. that demand immediate gratification

Question 17

Superego

Answer 17

contains the memory of rules and prohibitions we learned from our parents and others, such as nice little boys and girls don’t do that.

Question 18

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 18

The ego defends itself against anxieties by relegating unpleasant thoughts and impulses to the unconscious mind (such as repression denial rationalization displacement regressions projection reaction formation and sublimation)

Question 19

Repression

Answer 19

is motivated removal of something to the unconscious

Question 20

Denial

Answer 20

the refusal to believe unpleasant information

Question 21

Rationalization

Answer 21

attempt to prove that their actions are justifiable

Question 22

Displacement

Answer 22

by diverting a behavior or thought away from its natural target toward a less threatening target

Question 23

Regression

Answer 23

a return to a more immature level of functioning

Question 24

Projection

Answer 24

attributing ones own undesirable characteristics to other people ( thinking the people have your faults seems less threatening)

Question 25

Reaction formation

Answer 25

to present themselves as the opposite of what they really are. ( a man trouble by doubts about his religious faith might try to convert others to the faith)

Question 26

Sublimation

Answer 26

The transformation of sexual or aggressive energies into culturally acceptable, even admirable behaviors.

Question 27

Neo-Freudians

Answer 27

Psychologist that kept parts of Freud’s theory while modifying other aspects

Question 28

Collective unconscious

Answer 28

Present at birth, relates to the cumulative experience of preceding generations.

Question 29

Archetypes

Answer 29

which are vague images or at least the predisposition to form images that have always been part of the human experience.

Question 30

Individual Psychology

Answer 30

Indivisible psychology, a psychology of the person as a whole rather than parts such as id, ego and superego.

Question 31

Inferiority Complex

Answer 31

an exaggerated feeling of weakness, inadequacy and helplessness.

Question 32

Striving for superiority

Answer 32

A desire to seek personal excellence and fulfillment

Question 33

Social Interest

Answer 33

a sense of solidarity and identification with other people

Question 34

Gender Role

Answer 34

the pattern of behavior that a person is expected to follow because of being male or female

Question 35

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 35

deals with consciousness, values and abstract beliefs, including spiritual experiences and the beliefs that people live and die for. (according to H.P. peoples personality depends on peoples beliefs and perceptions of the world.

Question 36

Self-concept

Answer 36

An image of what they really are,

Question 37

Ideal self

Answer 37

an image of what they would like to be.

Question 38

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 38

(Im ok your ok) the complete, unqualified acceptance of another person as he or she is. much like the love of a parent for a child.

Question 39

Self-actualization

Answer 39

the achievement of one’s full potential.