Chapter 15 - Ergogenic aids Flashcards

0
Q

What is meant by the term endogenous?

A

Substance capable of being produced by the body naturally.

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1
Q

What is meant by the term exogenous?

A

Substance not capable of being produced by the body naturally

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2
Q

Benefits of Anabolic steroids

A

increased muscle size thus increased strength & power
increased recovery speed
longer more intense training session

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3
Q

Side effects of anabolic steroids in males only;

A

Breast development
Impotence
Testicular atrophy

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4
Q

Side effects of anabolic steroids in females only;

A

Male characteristics
Breast atrophy
Abnormal menstrual cycle

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5
Q

Physiological Side effects of anabolic steroids ( males & females);

A
Water retention
hypertension
acne
brain damage
cancer & tumour
sudden death
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6
Q

Psychological side effects of anabolic steroids;

A

Dependance
Depression
Aggression

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7
Q

Benefits of Polypeptide hormones & analougues;

Eg.) HGH, IGF’s, MGF’s, cortitrophins

A

Enhanced muscle and bone development
Mask Anabolic steroids
feeling of euphoria
Anti-inflammatory effect

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8
Q

What are the side effects of Polypeptide hormones & analougues;
Eg.) HGH, IGF’s, MGF’s, cortintrophins

A
sodium & water retention
cancer
heart failure
diabetes
decreased immune function
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9
Q

Benefits of Erythropoietin;

A

increased red blood cell volume
increased VO2 max
increased oxygen carrying capacity

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10
Q

Side effects of erythropoietin;

A

Hypertension
blood clotting
stroke
heart failure

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11
Q

Benefits of blood doping;

A
(Same as EPO)
increased red blood cell volume
increased VO2 max
increased oxygen carrying capacity
\+
much harder to pick up in testing
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12
Q

Side effects of blood doping:

A
(Same as EPO)
Hypertension
blood clotting
stroke
heart failure
\+
Risk of infection from needles
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13
Q

Benefits of Beta Blockers:

A

Reduced heart rate, tension and tremors
increased relaxation
increased AVO2 diff

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14
Q

Side effects of beta-blockers;

A
Impotence
Heart failure
hypotension
hypoglycaemia
dangerous for asthmatics
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15
Q

Benefits of stimulants;

A
Mask fatigue
increase alertness
increase aggression
improved reaction time
improved anaerobic performance
16
Q

Side effects of stimulants;

A
Anxiety
irritability
Restlessness
tremors
Cardiac arrhythmia
Heart failure
Dependance
hypothermia
17
Q

Benefits of Diuretics:

A

Reduce bodyweight quickly

mask anabolic steroids by increasing the rate they are fushed out of the system.

18
Q

Side effects of diuretics;

A

dehydration
cramps
muscle strain
cardiac arrhythmia

19
Q

Name three way which difference masking agents mask illegal substances.

A

Epitesterone; restore Epitesterone to testosterone ratio
Block the absorption of the substance into the kidneys so it is not present in the urine.
Alter red blood cell parameters making it harder to test for EPO

20
Q

Side effects of masking agents;

A
Dehydration
Cramp
Cardiac arrhythmia
Hair loss
Nausea
Skin rash
Acute gouty arthritis
21
Q

Benefits of gene doping and example:

A

Manipulate cells to produce certain hormones which will improve performance. Eg.) to produce more EPO or testosterone

22
Q

Side effects of gene doping;

A

Cancer
Tumour
Possibility of immune reaction

23
Q

What foods is creatine naturally found in?

A

High protein food such as;
red meat
white meat

24
Q

For what duration and what amount of creatine does the AIS recommend for;
rapid loading
slow loading
maintenance

A

rapid loading: 5 day, 5 grams daily
slow loading: 28 days, 3 grams daily
maintenance: 3 grams daily

25
Q

Benefits of creatine supplements:

A

Enhance performance in events requiring the ATP-PC system.
Decrease reliance on anaerobic glycolysis system
Improved recovery from short duration maximal bouts
Beneficial when undertaking resistance training for intermittent sports such as AFL or Tennis.

26
Q

Side effects of creatine supplementation;

A
Unknown long term
gastrointestinal upset
tendon injury
headaches
fluid retention
cramps
harmful effect on liver when taken in excess
27
Q

Benefits of caffeine:

A

Stimulation of the CNS

Reduces perception of fatigue

28
Q

Side effects of excess caffeine:

A
hampers recovery
over arousal
Disrupts sleep patterns
increased HR
Impairment of technique and fine motor control
29
Q

How much caffeine is best at increasing performance?

A

3mg/kg of BM

30
Q

How long does it take to achieve benefits from altitude training?
How long do these adaptations last after moving back to sea level?

A

3 months

1-3 months

31
Q

Significant adaptations due to altitude training:

A

Stimulates EPO production = more red blood cells
Increased haemoglobin levels & concentration
Increased blood viscosity
Increased cappillarisation
Decreased VO2 max
Decreased lactic acid tolerance
Reduced stroke volume

32
Q

Explain the concept of live high, train low.

A

Training at high altitude decreases the bodies ability to train at high intensities due to decreased O2 levels.
By living high and training low the body is tricked into producing more EPO but also allows the athlete to train well at lower altitude.

33
Q

What is a hypoxic tent?

A

A tent that creates a low oxygen environment to help simulate high altitude which enables athletes to live high.

34
Q

What is intermittent Hypoxic Training?

A

Involves intervals of training sessions being undertaken wearing a hypoxic mask to decrease oxygen being delivered to the working muscles.

35
Q

Benefits of intermittent hypoxic training.

A

Increased EPO
Increased pulmonary absorption
Increased dilation of capillaries