Chapter 15 - Ergogenic aids Flashcards
What is meant by the term endogenous?
Substance capable of being produced by the body naturally.
What is meant by the term exogenous?
Substance not capable of being produced by the body naturally
Benefits of Anabolic steroids
increased muscle size thus increased strength & power
increased recovery speed
longer more intense training session
Side effects of anabolic steroids in males only;
Breast development
Impotence
Testicular atrophy
Side effects of anabolic steroids in females only;
Male characteristics
Breast atrophy
Abnormal menstrual cycle
Physiological Side effects of anabolic steroids ( males & females);
Water retention hypertension acne brain damage cancer & tumour sudden death
Psychological side effects of anabolic steroids;
Dependance
Depression
Aggression
Benefits of Polypeptide hormones & analougues;
Eg.) HGH, IGF’s, MGF’s, cortitrophins
Enhanced muscle and bone development
Mask Anabolic steroids
feeling of euphoria
Anti-inflammatory effect
What are the side effects of Polypeptide hormones & analougues;
Eg.) HGH, IGF’s, MGF’s, cortintrophins
sodium & water retention cancer heart failure diabetes decreased immune function
Benefits of Erythropoietin;
increased red blood cell volume
increased VO2 max
increased oxygen carrying capacity
Side effects of erythropoietin;
Hypertension
blood clotting
stroke
heart failure
Benefits of blood doping;
(Same as EPO) increased red blood cell volume increased VO2 max increased oxygen carrying capacity \+ much harder to pick up in testing
Side effects of blood doping:
(Same as EPO) Hypertension blood clotting stroke heart failure \+ Risk of infection from needles
Benefits of Beta Blockers:
Reduced heart rate, tension and tremors
increased relaxation
increased AVO2 diff
Side effects of beta-blockers;
Impotence Heart failure hypotension hypoglycaemia dangerous for asthmatics
Benefits of stimulants;
Mask fatigue increase alertness increase aggression improved reaction time improved anaerobic performance
Side effects of stimulants;
Anxiety irritability Restlessness tremors Cardiac arrhythmia Heart failure Dependance hypothermia
Benefits of Diuretics:
Reduce bodyweight quickly
mask anabolic steroids by increasing the rate they are fushed out of the system.
Side effects of diuretics;
dehydration
cramps
muscle strain
cardiac arrhythmia
Name three way which difference masking agents mask illegal substances.
Epitesterone; restore Epitesterone to testosterone ratio
Block the absorption of the substance into the kidneys so it is not present in the urine.
Alter red blood cell parameters making it harder to test for EPO
Side effects of masking agents;
Dehydration Cramp Cardiac arrhythmia Hair loss Nausea Skin rash Acute gouty arthritis
Benefits of gene doping and example:
Manipulate cells to produce certain hormones which will improve performance. Eg.) to produce more EPO or testosterone
Side effects of gene doping;
Cancer
Tumour
Possibility of immune reaction
What foods is creatine naturally found in?
High protein food such as;
red meat
white meat
For what duration and what amount of creatine does the AIS recommend for;
rapid loading
slow loading
maintenance
rapid loading: 5 day, 5 grams daily
slow loading: 28 days, 3 grams daily
maintenance: 3 grams daily
Benefits of creatine supplements:
Enhance performance in events requiring the ATP-PC system.
Decrease reliance on anaerobic glycolysis system
Improved recovery from short duration maximal bouts
Beneficial when undertaking resistance training for intermittent sports such as AFL or Tennis.
Side effects of creatine supplementation;
Unknown long term gastrointestinal upset tendon injury headaches fluid retention cramps harmful effect on liver when taken in excess
Benefits of caffeine:
Stimulation of the CNS
Reduces perception of fatigue
Side effects of excess caffeine:
hampers recovery over arousal Disrupts sleep patterns increased HR Impairment of technique and fine motor control
How much caffeine is best at increasing performance?
3mg/kg of BM
How long does it take to achieve benefits from altitude training?
How long do these adaptations last after moving back to sea level?
3 months
1-3 months
Significant adaptations due to altitude training:
Stimulates EPO production = more red blood cells
Increased haemoglobin levels & concentration
Increased blood viscosity
Increased cappillarisation
Decreased VO2 max
Decreased lactic acid tolerance
Reduced stroke volume
Explain the concept of live high, train low.
Training at high altitude decreases the bodies ability to train at high intensities due to decreased O2 levels.
By living high and training low the body is tricked into producing more EPO but also allows the athlete to train well at lower altitude.
What is a hypoxic tent?
A tent that creates a low oxygen environment to help simulate high altitude which enables athletes to live high.
What is intermittent Hypoxic Training?
Involves intervals of training sessions being undertaken wearing a hypoxic mask to decrease oxygen being delivered to the working muscles.
Benefits of intermittent hypoxic training.
Increased EPO
Increased pulmonary absorption
Increased dilation of capillaries
