Chapter 1 - NPAG & Assessment of PA

Question 0

What are the 4 dimensions of PA?

Answer 0

Frequency
Intensity
Duration
Type

Question 1

What are the 4 domains of PA?

Answer 1

Household & Gardening
Leisure Time
Occupational
Active Transport

Question 2

What is a MET and what does it stand for?

Answer 2

Metabolic Equivalent

Used to measure the amount of oxygen used by the during physical activity.

Question 3

How many METS for rest, low, moderate and vigorous activity.

Answer 3

Rest: 1
Low: 1-3 METS
Moderate: 3-6
Vigorous: 6+ (7+?)

Question 4

What is PA and how is it different to exercise?

Answer 4

Physical activity is the movement of large muscles to increase energy expenditure and can be structures or unstructured.
Exercise falls under the umbrella of PA but is done to improve or maintain fitness components rather than health.

Question 5

Types of Benefits of PA?

Answer 5

Health
Economic
Social
Mental
Environmental

Question 6

What are some health benefits of PA?

Answer 6

Decreased risk of:
Cardiovascular disease
Stroke
Type II diabetes
Colon cancer
Osteoporosis
Lowers:
Blood cholesterol
Hypertension (high blood pressure)

Question 7

Mental benefits of PA.

Answer 7

Sleep
Concentration
Memory and Learning

Question 8

Social benefits of PA?

Answer 8

Social networks

Increased self esteem

Question 9

Economic benefits of PA.

Answer 9

Employment through sporting events.
Health savings
Reduces absenteeism

Question 10

Environmental benefits of PA.

Answer 10

Reduces:
Traffic congestion
Air pollution
Noise pollution

Question 11

What are some reasons for studying PA?

Answer 11

Document frequency and distribution of PA levels with population groups.
Study relationship between PA and health benefits
Identify factors that influence PA.
Evaluate effectiveness of interventions

Question 12

Objective Vs subjective measurements

Answer 12

Objective rely on quantitative data while subjective relys on information subject to ones memory or bias.

Question 13

Advantages of Pedometers

Answer 13

Cheap
Non-invasive
Increases awareness of PA and can lead to behavioural change.

Question 14

Disadvantages of pedometers

Answer 14

Assesses only walking/running
Does not provide any info on the dimensions of PA undertaken (intensity/duration/frequency/type). (Cannot determine if NPAG is met.)
Can be reactive
No contextual data
Estimates of energy expenditure are based on adults.

Question 15

Accelerometer advantages

Answer 15

Small/lightweight
Non-invasive
Provides info on intensity/frequency/duration
Provides minute by minute monitoring.
Can asses inactivity

Question 16

Accelerometer disadvantages

Answer 16

Expensive
Can't measure aquatic activities
No info on type or contextual info
Energy expenditure is not 100% accurate
Underestimates low impact activity eg.) cycling
Can be reactive

Question 17

What is a proxy report?

Answer 17

A recall survey done on behalf of another person usually because of cognitive limitations.

Question 18

Recall survey advantages.

Answer 18

Cost effective
Assess all dimensions (FIDT)
Easy to administer and complete (Low participant burden)
Provides contextual data (Accesses all domains)

Question 19

Recall survey disadvantages

Answer 19

Social desirability bias
Cognitive limitations.
Memory recall issues.

Question 20

What is “Social desirability bias”?

Answer 20

A person may answer what they believe is the desired response rather than what actually occurred. This usually results in the over reporting of good behaviour.

Question 21

Difference between Diary and a log?

Answer 21

A diary involves a person recording all sources of PA over a time frame (eg. Every 2 hours). A log involves a person only recording specific types of PA (eg. Leisure time activity)

Question 22

Diary and Log advantages

Answer 22

Very Accurate and detailed
Cost effective
Assesses all domains and dimensions
Captures quantitative and qualitative data

Question 23

Diaries and logs disadvantages

Answer 23

Social desirability bias
Reactivity
Cognitive and memory problems
High subject burden

Question 24

What is the practicality vs accuracy trade off?

What does the graph look like?

Answer 24

Device used for measuring PA which are more accurate tend to be less practical to use for large scale studies.
Recall Surveys-> Pedometers-> Accelerometers -> Diary and logs -> Direct observation

Question 25

Physical activity pyramid:

F/I/D of inactivity.

Answer 25

F: infrequent
I: low
D: short

Question 26

Physical activity pyramid:

F/I/D of flexibility

Answer 26

F: 3-7
I: stretching
D: 15-60 seconds 3 sets

Question 27

Physical activity pyramid:

F/I/D of strength training.

Answer 27

F: 2-3
I: overload
D: 8-12 reps / 3-4 sets

Question 28

Physical activity pyramid:

F/I/D of aerobic activity/ active sport and recreation.

Answer 28

F: 3-6
I: moderate - vigorous
D: 20+ minutes

Question 29

Physical activity pyramid:

F/I/D of everyday activities.

Answer 29

F: most (5+) preferably all days
I: moderate
D: 30+ min

Question 30

Layout of Physical activity pyramid

Answer 30

Inactivity
Strength, Flexibility
Aerobic, Recreational sport
everyday lifetime physical activity

Question 31

Dimensions of adult national physical activity.

Answer 31

F:
I:
D:
T:

Question 32

National physical activity and sedentary guidelines for 0-5

Answer 32

Infants (0-1): Floor based play
Toddlers (1-3) & Preschoolers (3-5): 3 hours, everyday
0-2 = no electronic media
2-5 =