Chapter 11 - Chronic Training Adaptations

Question 0

What is the only cardiovascular training adaptation for anaerobic athletes? Why does this occur?

Answer 0

Left ventricle wall thickens.

Allows more powerful pumps meaning oxygen is sent to the muscles faster to oxidise H+ ions.

Question 1

List the 4 main cardiovascular training adaptations for aerobic athletes

Answer 1

Increased left ventricle size (thus stroke volume)
Increased total blood volume
Increased cappillarisation of skeletal muscle
Decreased systolic blood pressure

Question 2

For what reason are cardiovascular adaptations beneficial?

Answer 2

Allows more O2 to be delivered to the working muscles.

Question 3

What are the 4 combined effects?

Answer 3

Increased VO2 max
Decreased time to return to resting levels
Increased lactate inflection point
Increased AVO2 diff

Question 4

How much haemoglobin is in the blood pre and then post training?
Does haemoglobin concentration change due to training?

Answer 4

Pre: 805g
Post: 995g

Haemoglobin concentration does not change.

Question 5

How does total blood volume change from pre to post training?

Answer 5

Pre: 5.25L
Post: 6.6L

Question 6

What’s the difference between oxidative and glycolytic enzymes?

Answer 6

Glycolytic enzymes are involved in Glycolysis while oxidative enzymes are involved in the further breakdown of glycogen and fats in the aerobic cycle in the presence of oxygen

Question 7

What muscular chronic adaptations within the muscle occur due to anaerobic training?

Answer 7

Increased stores of:
ATP and ATPase
PC 
Glycogen
Increased glycolytic enzymes

Question 8

What muscular anaerobic chronic adaptations occur in regards to the nervous system?

Answer 8

More motor units recruited
Increased rate of firing
Increased motor co-ordination

Question 9

What is the main chronic adaptation to resistance training which increases strength.

Answer 9

Increased cross-sectional size of muscle

Question 10

Name some chronic muscular aerobic adaptations.

Answer 10

Increase size and no. of mitochondria
Increase Myoglobin
Increase Oxidative enzyme
Increased FFA, triglyceride and glycogen stores
Increased cappillarisation of muscle
Increased size of slow twitch fibres

Question 11

Name the three main respiratory chronic adaptations.

Answer 11

Increased Tidal volume
Increased Pulmonary Diffusion
Increased Minute ventilation

Question 12

For what reason are respiratory chronic adaptations beneficial?

Answer 12

Increases availability of O2 to be delivered to the working muscles

Question 13

For what reason are aerobic muscular chronic adaptations beneficial?

Answer 13

Enables body to produce more ATP

Question 14

In what two ways can anaerobic muscular chronic adaptations be beneficial?

Answer 14

Allow for more ATP

Allow for more force generation

Question 15

How does tidal volume change at different intensities after training?
Rest:
Submax:
Max:

Answer 15

Rest: no change
Submax: increase
Max: increase

Question 16

How does minute ventilation change at different intensities after training?
Rest:
Submax:
Max:

Answer 16

Rest: ?
Submax: ?
Max: ?

Question 17

How does VO2 change at different intensities after training?
Rest:
Submax:
Max:

Answer 17

Rest: no change ?
Submax: no change ?
Max: increase ?

Question 18

How does Heart rate change at different intensities after training?
Rest:
Submax:
Max:

Answer 18

Rest: decrease
Submax: decrease
Max: constant

Question 19

How does Cardiac output change at different intensities after training?
Rest:
Submax:
Max:

Answer 19

Rest: no change
Submax: no change
Max: increase

Question 20

What are chronic adaptations?

Answer 20

Changes (adaptations) that take place within the body that are long lasting and assist the body to undertake exercise.

Question 21

2 chronic adaptations responsible for increased VO2.

Answer 21

Mitochondria
Myoglobin

to increase oxygen uptake in the working muscles

Question 22

Chronic muscular adaptations which increase the size of the muscle from resistance training.

Answer 22

Increased size of myofibrils
increased total amount of contractile protein (in myosin filament)
Increased capillary density
increased connective tissue (tendons, ligaments)