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Biology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is complete dominance?

A

when the dominant allele completely covers up the recessive allele

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2
Q

What would be an example of incomplete dominance with red and white flowers?

A

pink flower offspring

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3
Q

On the surface of the blood cell we have ________

A

antigens

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4
Q

Antigens are a form of what macromolecule?

A

carbohydrate

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5
Q

What is the difference between A and B blood types?

A

the specific carbohydrate on the outside

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6
Q

Using blood types what is an example of codominance?

A

AB blood type

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7
Q

What is the recessive type of blood?

A

O type

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8
Q

What is Tay-Sachs disease?

A

a fatal disease that causes build up of lipids in the brain

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9
Q

What are the three alleles for blood types?

A

IA, IB, and i

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10
Q

What is pleiotropy?

A

one gene effects multiple phenotypic characteristics

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11
Q

Genetics can be effected by the environment. T or F?

A

T

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12
Q

What is a pedigree?

A

A family tree

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13
Q

What is a carrier?

A

heterozygous individuals that do not show the characteristic

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14
Q

What will be the outcome of heterozygous sickle-cell trait?

A

50% normal and 50% sickle cell

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15
Q

What will be the outcome of homozygous sickle-cell trait?

A

sickle cell blood cells

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16
Q

What is Huntington disease?

A

A breakdown of nerve cell in the brain

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17
Q

What is amniocentesis?

A

a biochemical and genetic test that uses amniotic fluid

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18
Q

What is chronic villus sampling (CVS)?

A

a biochemical and genetic test that uses a piece of the placenta

19
Q

What is character?

A

a heritable feature that varies among species (eg. seed color)

20
Q

What is a trait?

A

A variant of character (eg. purple or white flower color)

21
Q

What is true breeding

A

cross between homozygous parents

22
Q

What is hybridization?

A

The cross between two true breeds

23
Q

How does model organize the generations?

A

P generation, F1 generation, and F2 generation

24
Q

Using Mendel’s flowers, what is law of segregation?

A

Purple and White flowers produce EITHER purple or white flowers, they do not mix to produce light purple flowers

25
Q

What are alleles

A

alternative versions of a gene

26
Q

What is the law of segregation?

A

alleles for the same character separate during gamete formation (end up in different gametes)

27
Q

What is a homozygote

A

An organism that has identical pairs of alleles

28
Q

What is a heterozygote

A

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene

29
Q

What is a phenotype

A

Observable traits

30
Q

What is a genotype?

A

the genetic make up

31
Q

Using P as the variable what is test cross?

A

PX and pp

32
Q

What is a monohybrid?

A

heterozygous for one specific character following the cross of two true breeds

33
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

The crossing between heterozygous monohybrids

34
Q

What are dihybrids?

A

individuals that are heterozygous for the two character being followed in the cross

35
Q

What is the law of independent assortment?

A

each pair of alleles segregate independently of any other pair during gamete formation

36
Q

What is the phenotypic ration for independent assortment?

A

9:3:3:1

37
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

neither allele is completely dominant, phenotype is somewhere in-between both

38
Q

What is codominance?

A

two alleles affect the phenotype in separate ways

39
Q

What is an example of pleiotropy regarding the flowers?

A

Gene for flower color also affects seed color

40
Q

What is epistasis?

A

When one gene affects the results of another

41
Q

What is an example of epistasis?

A

Black, brown, or yellow labs

42
Q

What is polygenetic inheritance?

A

the additive affect of multiple genes onto one phenotype

43
Q

What is are examples of polygenetic inheritance called?

A

quantitative characters

Biology (16 decks)

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