Chapter 14 Flashcards
treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth
psychotherapy
prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology
biomedical therapy
an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy
eclectic approach
in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material
resistance
in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.
interpretation
in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)
transference
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight.
psychodynamic therapy
therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses
insight therapies
a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth.
person-centered therapy
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification. A feature of Rogers’ person-centered therapy
active listening
a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
unconditional positive regard
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
behavior therapy
behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning
counterconditioning
behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people to things they fear and avoid
exposure therapies
a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli. commonly used to treat phobias.
systematic desensitization
a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.
virtual reality exposure therapy
associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
aversive conditioning
an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange tokens for privileges or treats
token economy
therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions
cognitive therapy
a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)
cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.
group therapy
therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members.
family therapy
clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.
evidence-based practice
a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem
therapeutic alliance
drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders
antipsychotic drugs
drugs used to control anxiety and agitation
antianxiety drugs
drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder
antidepressant drugs
a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
psychosurgery
a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.
lobotomy
the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma
resilience
positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.
posttraumatic growth
