Chapter 14

Question 1

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

Answer 1

psychotherapy

Question 2

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person’s physiology

Answer 2

biomedical therapy

Question 3

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

Answer 3

eclectic approach

Question 4

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

Answer 4

resistance

Question 5

in psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting of supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight.

Answer 5

interpretation

Question 6

in psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

Answer 6

transference

Question 7

therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight.

Answer 7

psychodynamic therapy

Question 8

therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

Answer 8

insight therapies

Question 9

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients’ growth.

Answer 9

person-centered therapy

Question 10

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and seeks clarification. A feature of Rogers’ person-centered therapy

Answer 10

active listening

Question 11

a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

Answer 11

unconditional positive regard

Question 12

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

Answer 12

behavior therapy

Question 13

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

Answer 13

counterconditioning

Question 14

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people to things they fear and avoid

Answer 14

exposure therapies

Question 15

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli. commonly used to treat phobias.

Answer 15

systematic desensitization

Question 16

a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking.

Answer 16

virtual reality exposure therapy

Question 17

associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior

Answer 17

aversive conditioning

Question 18

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange tokens for privileges or treats

Answer 18

token economy

Question 19

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

Answer 19

cognitive therapy

Question 20

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

Answer 20

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

Question 21

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, providing benefits from group interaction.

Answer 21

group therapy

Question 22

therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. views an individual’s unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members.

Answer 22

family therapy

Question 23

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences.

Answer 23

evidence-based practice

Question 24

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client’s problem

Answer 24

therapeutic alliance

Question 25

drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorders

Answer 25

antipsychotic drugs

Question 26

drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

Answer 26

antianxiety drugs

Question 27

drugs used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder

Answer 27

antidepressant drugs

Question 28

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

Answer 28

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Question 29

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

Answer 29

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 30

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

Answer 30

psychosurgery

Question 31

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.

Answer 31

lobotomy

Question 32

the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

Answer 32

resilience

Question 33

positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises.

Answer 33

posttraumatic growth