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Psych Final Review > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in a person’s cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior

A

psychological disorder

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2
Q

a psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

A

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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3
Q

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured often through treatment in a hospital

A

medical model

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4
Q

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

A

DSM-5

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5
Q

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

A

anxiety disorders

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6
Q

an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, fearful, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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7
Q

an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack.

A

panic disorder

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8
Q

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

A

phobia

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9
Q

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts, actions, or both

A

OCD

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10
Q

a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia lingering for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

A

PTSD

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11
Q

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

A

psychoactive drug

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12
Q

a disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk

A

substance use disorder

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13
Q

a dwindling effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger dose before experiencing the drug’s effect

A

tolerance

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14
Q

the discomfort and distress that follow ending the use of an addictive drug or behavior

A

withdrawal

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15
Q

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce (depress) neural activity and slow body functions

A

depressants

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16
Q

(popularly known as alcoholism) alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

A

alcohol use disorder

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17
Q

drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

A

barbiturates

18
Q

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin, depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

opiates

19
Q

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

A

stimulants

20
Q

drugs (such a methamphetamine) that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels

A

amphetamines

21
Q

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, reduces baseline dopamine levels.

A

methamphetamine

22
Q

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition

A

Ecstasy

23
Q

psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and trigger sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

A

hallucinogens

24
Q

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

A

near-death experience

25
Q

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also know as acid

A

LSD

26
Q

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations

A

THC

27
Q

a disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drug use or a medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either a depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure

A

major depressive disorder

28
Q

a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and weariness of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

A

bipolar disorder

29
Q

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common.

A

mania

30
Q

a disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.

A

schizophrenia

31
Q

a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

A

psychotic disorders

32
Q

a false belief, often of persecution of grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

A

delusion

33
Q

a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely

A

acute schizophrenia

34
Q

a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

A

chronic schizophrenia

35
Q

an eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

A

anorexia nervosa

36
Q

an eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating is followed by inappropriate weight loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

A

bulimia nervosa

37
Q

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the behavior compensate that marks bulimia nervosa.

A

binge-eating disorder

38
Q

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

A

dissociative disorders

39
Q

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities.

A

dissociative identity disorder

40
Q

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

A

personality disorders

41
Q

a personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

A

antisocial personality disorder

Psych Final Review (13 decks)

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