Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 110 - Biopsychology > Chapter 13 - Hormones and Sex > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Hormones and Sex Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Glands that release chemicals into ducts that carry them to targets, mostly on the surface of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endrocine glands

A

Ductless glands that release chemicals called hormones directly into the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals released by the endocrine system directly into the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gonads

A

The testes and the ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Testes

A

The male gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ovaries

A

The female gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Copulation

A

Sexual intercourse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Zygote

A

The cell formed from the amalgamation of a sperm cell and an ovum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

The pair of chromosomes that determine an individual’s genetic sex: XX for a female and XY for a male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amino acid derivative hormones

A

Hormones that are synthesized in a few simple steps from an amino acid molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Peptide hormones

A

Hormones that are short chains of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Protein hormones

A

Hormones that are long chains of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Steroid hormones

A

Hormones that are synthesized from cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Androgens

A

The class of steroid hormones that includes testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Estrogens

A

The class of steroid hormones that are released in large amounts by the ovaries; an example is estradiol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Testosterone

A

The most common androgen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Estradiol

A

The most common estrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Progestins

A

The class of steroid hormones that includes progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Progesterone

A

A progestin that prepares the uterus and breasts for pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

The outer layer of each adrenal gland, which releases glucocorticoids in response to stressors, as well as small amounts of steroid hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gonadotropin

A

The pituitary tropic hormone that stimulates the release of hormones from the gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

The part of the pituitary gland that contains the terminals of hypothalamic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pituitary stalk

A

The structure connecting the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

The part of the pituitary gland that releases tropic hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

The hormone-regulated cycle in females of follicle growth, egg release, buildup of the uterus lining, and menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Vasopressin

A

One of the two major peptide hormones of the posterior pituitary; it facilitates reabsorption of water by kidneys and is thus also called antidiuretic hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Oxytocin

A

One of the two major peptide hormones of the posterior pituitary, which in females stimulates contractions of the uterus during labor and the ejection of milk during suckling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Paraventricular nuclei

A

Hypothalamic nuclei that play a role in eating and synthesizing hormones released by the posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Supraoptic nuclei

A

Hypothalamic nuclei in which the hormones of the posterior pituitary are synthesized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Hypothalamopituitary portal system

A

The vascular network that carries hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Releasing hormones

A

Hypothalamic hormones that stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Release-inhibiting hormone

A

Hypothalamic hormones that inhibit the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

A

The hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the release of thyrotropin from the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Thyrotropin

A

The anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the release of hormones from the thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

A

The hypothalamic releasing hormone that controls the release of the two gonadotropic hormones from the anterior pituitary

36
Q

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

The gonadotropic hormone that stimulates the development of ovarian follicles

37
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

The gonadotropic hormone that causes the developing ovum to be released from its follicle

38
Q

Pulsatile hormone release

A

The typical pattern of hormone release: Hormones are discharged several times per day in large surges

39
Q

Sry gene

A

A gene on the Y chromosome that triggers the production of Sry protein

40
Q

Sry protein

A

A protein that causes the medulla of each primordial gonad to grow and develop into a testis

41
Q

Intersexed person

A

A term used to refer to a person who is born with sexual anatomy that does not clearly fit into typical definitions of male and female sexual anatomy

42
Q

Wolffian system

A

The embryonic precursor of the male reproductive ducts

43
Q

Müllerian system

A

The embryonic precursor of the female reproductive ducts

44
Q

Müllerian-inhibiting substance

A

The testicular hormone that causes the precursor of the female reproductive ducts (the Müllerian system) to degenerate and the testes to descend

45
Q

Scrotum

A

The sac that holds the male testes outside the body cavity

46
Q

Ovariectomy

A

The removal of the ovaries

47
Q

Orchidectomy

A

The removal of the testes

48
Q

Gonadectomy

A

The surgical removal of the gonads; castration

49
Q

Genitals

A

The external reproductive organs

50
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

Body features, other than the reproductive organs, that distinguish males from female

51
Q

Growth hormone

A

The anterior pituitary hormone that acts directly on bone and muscle tissue to produce the pubertal growth spurt

52
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

An anterior pituitary hormone that triggers the release of adrenal hormones from the adrenal cortices

53
Q

Androstenedione

A

The adrenal androgen that is responsible for the growth of pubic hair and axillary hair in human females

54
Q

Aromatase

A

An enzyme that promotes the conversion of testosterone to estradiol

55
Q

Aromatization

A

The chemical process by which testosterone is converted to estradiol

56
Q

Aromatization hypothesis

A

The hypothesis that the brain is masculinized by estradiol that is produced from perinatal testosterone through a process called aromatization

57
Q

Alpha fetoprotein

A

A protein that is present in the blood of many mammals during the perinatal period and that deactivates circulating estradiol by binding to it

58
Q

Masculinizes

A

Enhances or produces male characteristics

59
Q

Defeminizes

A

Suppresses or disrupts female characteristics

60
Q

Lordosis

A

The arched-back, rump-up, tail-to-the-side posture of female rodent sexual receptivity

61
Q

Feminizes

A

Enhances or produces female characteristics

62
Q

Demasculinizes

A

Suppresses or disrupts male characteristics

63
Q

Intromission

A

Insertion of the penis into the vagina

64
Q

Ejaculation

A

To eject sperm from the penis

65
Q

Proceptive behaviors

A

Behaviors that solicit the sexual advances of members of the other sex

66
Q

Sexual dimorphisms

A

nIstances where a behavior (or structure) comes in two distinct classes (male or female) into which most individuals can be unambiguously assigned

67
Q

(Complete) androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

Results from a mutation to the androgen receptor gene that renders the androgen receptors unresponsive and leads to the development of a female body

68
Q

Adrenogenital syndrome

A

Caused by congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which results in the excessive release of adrenal androgens which have masculinizing effects in females

69
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

A congenital deficiency in the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex, which leads to the excessive release of adrenal androgens

70
Q

Ablatio penis

A

Accidental destruction of the penis via surgery

71
Q

Replacement injections

A

Injections of a hormone whose natural release has been curtailed by the removal of the gland that normally releases it

72
Q

Impotent

A

Unable to achieve a penile erection

73
Q

Estrus

A

The portion of the estrous cycle characterized by proceptivity, sexual receptivity, and fertility (estrus is a noun and estrous an adjective)

74
Q

Estrous cycle

A

The cycle of sexual receptivity displayed by many female mammals

75
Q

Anabolic steroids

A

Steroid drugs that are similar to testosterone and have powerful anabolic (growth-promoting) effects

76
Q

Medial preoptic area

A

The area of the hypothalamus that includes the sexually dimorphic nuclei and that plays a key role in the control of male sexual behavior

77
Q

Sexually dimorphic nucleus

A

The nucleus in the medial preoptic area of rats that is larger in males than in females

78
Q

Ventromedial nucleus (VMN)

A

A hypothalamic nucleus that is thought to be involved in female sexual behavior

79
Q

Heterosexual

A

Sexually attracted to members of the other sex.

80
Q

Gay

A

Sexually attracted to members of the same sex.

81
Q

Lesbian

A

Women who are attracted to women

82
Q

Asexual

A

Not sexually attracted to others

83
Q

Gender identity

A

The gender that a person most identifies with: female, male, some combination of male and female, neither female or male, or some other gender category

84
Q

Transgender

A

An individual who identifies as a man, a woman, or some intersection thereof

85
Q

Fraternal birth order effect

A

The finding that the probability of a male being attracted to other males increases as a function of the number of older brothers he has

86
Q

Maternal immune hypothesis

A

The hypothesis that mothers become progressively more immune to some masculinizing hormone in their male fetuses; proposed to explain the fraternal birth order effect

PSYCH 110 - Biopsychology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions