Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Which way does replication occur?

A

Bidirectionally

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2
Q

Where does replication start?

A

At origin site

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3
Q

Replication forks are sites where:

A
  • parental ds DNA helix is unwinding
  • nucleotides are incorporated into newly strands
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4
Q

What can relieve supercoiling?

A

DNA gyrase

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5
Q

Does DNA gyrase use ATP?

A

Yes

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6
Q

How does DNA gyrase work?

A

It travels in front of the replication form, creating ds DNA breaks and sealing them

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7
Q

What is the responsibility of DNA polymerase?

A

Synthesizing new DNA strands from DNA template

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8
Q

Which direction does DNA polymerase occur in?

A

5 to 3

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9
Q

What does DNA polymerase require?

A

A primer

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10
Q

In semi discontinuous replication, which daughter strand are synthesized first?

A

They are simultaneously synthesized

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11
Q

Leading strand synthesis:

A

Synthesized continuously

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12
Q

Lagging strand synthesis:

A

Synthesized discontinuously

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13
Q

What is the major enzyme responsible for DNA replication?

A

DNA Pol III

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14
Q

What is a primase?

A

An RNA pol that assembles short RNA primers

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15
Q

How are the strands sealed in replication?

A

DNA ligase

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a helicase?

A

Unwinds the parental strands

17
Q

DNA pol III function in DNA replication:

A

Synthesize successive fragments of lagging strand

18
Q

DNA pol I function in DNA replication:

A

DNA repair, removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA

19
Q

What do exonucleases do in DNA replication?

A

Degrade nucleic acids by removing 5 to 3 terminal nucleotides

20
Q

What are replicons?

A

Replicate genome in small portions

21
Q

What are the 5 polymerases?

A

a, b, g, d, e

22
Q

g polymerase function

A

Replicates mtDNA

23
Q

b polymerase function

A

Involved in DNA repair

24
Q

a polymerase function

A

Initiates Okazaki fragment synthesis

25
Q

d polymerase function

A

Lagging strand synthesis

26
Q

e polymerase function

A

leading strand synthesis

27
Q

What are 3 ways cells can DNA repair?

A
  • nucleotide excision repair
  • base excision repair
  • mismatch
28
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Leads to production of cells that are genetically identical to their parent cell

29
Q

What is meiosis?

A

Leads to production of cells with half genetic content of parent cell