Chapter 1

Question 1

What is cell theory?

Answer 1

1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. Cell is the structural unit of life
3. Cells arise only by division from pre-existing cells
4. Cells contain genetic material passed to next cell generation

Question 2

9 basic properties of cells

Answer 2

-Cells are highly complex and organized
-cells possess genetic program and means to use it
-cells are capable of producing more of themselves
-cells acquire and utilize energy
-cells carry out chemical reactions
-cells engage in mechanical activities
-cells are able to respond to stimuli
-cells are capable of self-regulation
-cells evolve

Question 3

What is the most basic property of cells?

Answer 3

Life

Question 4

Are cellular processes regulated?

Answer 4

Yes, highly

Question 5

Where is the genetic information stored in cells?

Answer 5

In chromosomes within the nucleus

Question 6

How to cells reproduce?

Answer 6

Division, contents of mother cells into two daughter cells

Question 7

Where do plants get their energy and what is it turned to?

Answer 7

Light to chemical energy

Question 8

Where do animals get their energy?

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

How is energy stored?

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

All chemical changes require what in living organisms?

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

What is equivalent to the cell’s metabolism?

Answer 11

Sum of chemical reactions

Question 12

Can all cells respond to stimuli?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Cells evolved from what?

Answer 13

LUCA

Question 14

Can cells self-regulate?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Two different classes of cells?

Answer 15

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Question 16

What are prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 16

Bacteria

Question 17

What are eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 17

Plants, animals, protists, fungi

Question 18

Are all cells (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) bounded by a plasma membrane?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

How is DNA organized in prokaryotes?

Answer 19

A long strand, in a nuclear area in the cytosol

Question 20

How is DNA organized in eukaryotes?

Answer 20

In chromosomes, in the nucleus

Question 21

What organelles do all prokaryotes have?

Answer 21

Ribosomes

Question 22

What organelles do all eukaryotes have?

Answer 22

Membrane bound organelles and cytoskeleton proteins

Question 23

How to prokaryotes divide?

Answer 23

Simple fusion

Question 24

How do eukaryotes divide?

Answer 24

Mitosis

Question 25

Are prokaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 25

Unicellular

Question 26

Are eukaryotes unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 26

Both

Question 27

Define: Archaea

Answer 27

Evolutionary related species that live in extremely inhospitable environments

Question 28

Define: Methanogens

Answer 28

Convert CO2 and H2 gases into methane

Question 29

Define: Halophiles

Answer 29

Live in salty environments, dead sea or deep sea brine pools

Question 30

Define: Acidophiles

Answer 30

Acid-loving prokaryotes that thrive at a pH as low as 0

Question 31

Define: Thermophiles

Answer 31

Live at high temperatures

Question 32

Define: Hyperthermophile

Answer 32

hydrothermal vents of ocean floor up to 121 degrees

Question 33

Where are most complex eukaryotic cells found?

Answer 33

Single-celled protists

Question 34

Define: Viruses

Answer 34

Pathogens and intracellular obligate parasites

Question 35

Define: Virion

Answer 35

Virus particle outside host cell, contains genetic material and protein subunits, some virions encased in lipid-membrane derived envelope

Question 36

Define: Bacteriophages

Answer 36

Viruses that infect bacteria

Question 37

Define: Viroids

Answer 37

Pathogens consisting of small, naked RNA molecule which can cause disease by interfering with gene expression

Question 38

What is a lytic infection?

Answer 38

Virus redirects host into making more virus particles, host cell lyses and releases viruses

Question 39

What is integration with viruses?

Answer 39

Virus integrates its DNA into host cell's chromosome

Question 40

What is a provirus?

Answer 40

Integrated viral DNA