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PSC1 > Chapter 12-Social Psychology > Flashcards

Chapter 12-Social Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psych-more than just common sense

A

the scientific study of how other ppl influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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2
Q

automicitic processing

A

this is thinking thats unintentional , not controllable, effortless, and unconscious

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3
Q

priming

A

automatic activation of knowledge structures…ex..activate schemas..the experiment of students completing a sentence of unscrambled task, of elderly prime words and not elderly prime words..example paragraph that labeled “doing laundry” easier to inerpret paragraph

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4
Q

.

A

intentional controllable, effortful, consocius thinking..

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5
Q

what determiines what we think?motivation

A

willingness to put effort…..controlled thinking…no willingness…automatic thinking results

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6
Q

attributions

A

process buy whcih we observe analyze and explain why someone did somehting…two types….perosnal(interal evens-mood, personality, values) OR situational(external events-rules, norms)

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7
Q

self serving(attributions)

A

if good or positive[—-then its ersonal attr..lif its negative or bad(its because of situational

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8
Q

fundamnetal attrib error

A

we explain others behaviors using personal attributions and our own behavior using the situational attrib

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9
Q

actor/observer discrepency

A

pple tend to make an atrib depending on whetehr they are the actor or observer

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10
Q

personal bias-n

A

not enough acces of info

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11
Q

stereoptypes

A

little pics in our head…aloows easier processing of ppl,,,,they justify how we feel about other groups

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12
Q

psychodynamic approach-stereotype dev

A

we develop them bc it protects some from some typ of threat to persona that we feel so therefore they are ego defensive,,,derving from mechanisms

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13
Q

displacement

A

shifting the attn of emotion of one objetc to another

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14
Q

preojection

A

attributing neg aspects of the self to others…we notice it more on other ppl..this is bad at expalining how sterotpyes in socal groups develop

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15
Q

Socio-cultural approach

A

.

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16
Q

Social cognitive approach

A

We develop stereotypes about social groups in order to distinguish between them.,,ex,,paintings and asked which ones they liked or disliked..told they would be matched with ppl who also liked the same pics(ingroup) and there was an outgroup(other)

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17
Q

ingroup

A

We favor ingroup members more than outgroup members

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18
Q

Outgroup derogation

A

We tend to devalue outgroup members more than ingroup members

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19
Q

stereotypes and perception

A

hanna study,,stereotyes associated with academic ability of those in poor vs wealthy neighborhood…ex…oscar grant…killed…ex..diallo..shot 44 times…led to study of police officers dilemma….Participants were more likely to shoot African-Americans, regardless of condition

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20
Q

shooter bias

A

Participants were more likely to shoot African-Americans, regardless of condition

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21
Q

attitudes

A

– The psychological tendency to evaluate an object with a degree of favor or disfavor …3 components..object, evaluate tendency, valence(+, -, or neutral)ex..obejct tomatoe..valence..neggative

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22
Q

induced compliance paradgim

A

.

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23
Q

explicit..

A

cognitive process-controlled deliberate, self report

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24
Q

implicit

A

automatic, spontaneros, indirect

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25
Q

prejudice

A

an attitiude toward a social group..can be positive or negative…some blatantn other prejucide subtle(

26
Q

symbolic racism-subtle prejucdice

A

antiblack affect and conservative values

27
Q

ambliviant sexism

A

hostile:Antipathy toward women (in particular those that challenge gender roles).
Benevolent – Woman should be placed on a pedestal and make good wives and mothers. …

28
Q

prejudice with compuntion

A

Since low-prejudice people suppress stereotypes by engaging in controlled processes.(so effortful, couscious, willing process. Therefore if they do end up expressing prejudice they will experience compunction (bc they feel dissonance and therefore feel bad and are motivated to prevent this from occurring again,

Compunction motivates people to better monitor their thoughts and behavior.
.can become automatic…they can break predicie habit overtime

29
Q

intergroup contact-allport

A

he suggested that intergorup contact reduces prejudice when four condions are met(equal status, common goals, cooperation, authority)..however meta-analysis(graph) show that even when not all conditions are met inter group contact is and efficient way to reduce prejudice to other social groups….

30
Q

social behavior

A

how humans behave in society, its diverse, mutifaceted….it revolves around1)survival2)reproduction…they range from hutr to help

31
Q

Aggression

A

– Behavior that is intended to harm another person…so must be intentional

32
Q

Instrumental aggression – Inflicting harm as a means to an end.

A

hiroshima on nagasaki

33
Q

Hostile aggression –

A

Inflicting harm for its own sake.

34
Q

Frustration-aggression hypothesis – Aggression is produced by interrupting progress toward a goal

A

when goals interupted,ppl furstrated adn angry..(neg affect) therefore leads to impulsive agression…ex…road rage…your gaols..get home….interrupt…ppl getting in your way…therefore you show agressive behavior

35
Q

temperature and violence

A

increase=violent crime….a 2 degree increase will produce 50, 0000 more crimes in a year

36
Q

testosterone and agression

A

Testosterone and impulsive aggression are typically higher in men than women and younger men than older men. ..why???Testosterone prepares men for aggression by making them feel powerful and confident.

37
Q

gender adn agression

A

women aggress for status gain and men for protection status

38
Q

herding hypothesis–must protect herd

A

Men in the South are raised to be ready to fight for their honor and respond aggressively to threats

39
Q

Low-status compensation – An alternate test of culture of honor hypothesis suggests low-status produces aggression

A

empirically suported..being/feeling of low status increase agrssion to obtain status

40
Q

altruism–debatebul…

A

– Behavior that benefits another without benefitting oneself.

41
Q

Kin selection – Helping genetic relatives promotes the survival of one’s own gene.

A

ex if in an dmeergency situation..your more likely to help daughter thatn brother…buttt if child is no longer child bearing age….we might instead help brother

42
Q

Reciprocal altruism (Trivers, 1972) – Behavior that benefits another with the expectation that their benefits will be returned someday.

A

ex…gus bathes noah,,,,and noah sleeps…and then the reverse ocurrs

43
Q

empathy-altruism hypoth-People help because they feel empathy for other people (that is, we adopt another person’s perspective).

A

because we know what it feels to be in need so we help

44
Q

Negative state relief model:

People help because empathy makes us feel bad and helping makes us feel good.

A

we want to feel good of ourselvrs so we help…this is in a sense egoism……example…distress call and warning signals…risking their lifes so its not egoistic..so debeate about this but in end its helping others

45
Q

group

A

collective of two or more ppl with shared fate and characteristics

46
Q

Deindividuation occurs when we are not self-aware or paying attention to our own personal standards. becuase our attn is drawn to otehrs, away from us

A

examplle,,,,prison study…..undergrads,,,wither prisoner or guard…….zimbardo(led study)..prison superintendent…..in 24 hours the ppl blended into their roles completely…risoners were left with psych effects…uuunethical study…..so in groups we loose sense of self

47
Q

Social loafing:

People work less hard in a group than when working alone unless they are held accountable for their individual efforts.

A

ex)kitty genovese got home at 2pm..to her appt…was stabbed and sexually assaulted….38 pl saw or heard it happen and nothing was done in regards to it..but why not do anything???

48
Q

group size affect

A

time it took for ppl to report an emergency to the assistatn…when epileptic attack…those in group of 2 ..alerted assitand right away…others didint ..because the greater the number of ppl in group the more each think that one of them will help

49
Q

obstcles to helping

A

…

50
Q

Group polarization – The tendency for groups’ initial attitudes to become stronger over time.

Groups make riskier decisions than individuals (risky-shift).

A

.

51
Q

Group think:Groups make poor decisions because they focus on group cohesion and fail to challenge other’s ideas and suggestions.

A

..

52
Q

social influenceThe control of one person’s behavior by the real, imagined, or perceived presence of others.

A

yeild to influence=obedience…resisting=defiance…(spectrum)….bicicle idea

53
Q

Social facilitation – The presence of others enhances performance.

A

…bike ex…robert zanjonc idea

54
Q

Conformity – The tendency to change our attitudes and behaviors to be consistent with group norms.

A

even when we think we are special and unique,,,,,nto reallly because we conform to social norms…in order to not feel embarrased…ex…video.ppl in elevator are members of candid cam staff…besides one person..conform to how others are stadning .

55
Q

Social norms – Culturally shared standards (or rules) for social behavior.

A

.

56
Q

Informational influence – Conformity due to uncertainty about appropriate behavior in ambiguous situations.
May influence both public and private conformity equally.

A

.

57
Q

Normative influence – Conformity due to social pressure.

More likely to influence public, but not private conformity.

A

..

58
Q

informational influence—Autokinetic effect – A naturally occurring phenomenon in which a stationary point of light appears to move.

A

look at a point of light(star) and it seems that the point is moving..there are indiviaul diff…and so they created theru own norm…but when in a group the person cconverges or conforms to the norm of the groups

59
Q

Aschs line study,normative influence

A

simple tasks to identify line lengths….the confederate responded the shorter line was the most similar.the participant was influenced and also did……..the person then said that they knew it was B all along but confmored because ddnt want to appear crazy…….so ppl confomr to socail norms even when these norms are incorect

60
Q

Obedience – A change in behavior in response to the commands of an authority figure.

A

we think that auhtorityy knows somthing more thant we do and therefore we should obey….pic of police officers lined up..dictate to leave and go home(be obedient)…ex…nazi germany, mai lai germany,,,,,,ppl said that they were just following orders

61
Q

a few rotten apples

A

just following ordersq

62
Q

…

A

participants assigned as teacher and learner confederate…shocks everytime wrong answer…even topoint of death…..the teacher felt uncomfortbale…and asked if they could quit…expereimter told them….the study required them to conitnue…and 65% of ppl continued to max point…..if we can make other responsible for sotmhing that was done and we sre told to do it…we will most likely carry on with it because it will be a case of “i was told to do it”..this was replicated recently and gave simialr results

PSC1 (15 decks)

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