Chapter 10-Emotion and Motivation Flashcards
emotions-aka affect
the immediate, specific response to environmental events.
mood
long-lasting emotional states that influence thought and behavior..
primary emotions
emotions that are evolutionarily adaptive, shared culturally, and associated with specific physical states……..anger fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise/content, pride(evven ppl that are blind and have never seen another person look prideful by raising arms, they too raise their arms)
secondary emotions
a blend of the primary emotions…..include remorse, guilt, submission, anticipation
valence
a core aspect of emotion…its the positivity or negativity of an emotion. can be experienced simultaneously….such as leaving to college makes you feel sad and happy…with arousal…feeling positive and high arousal
arousal
core aspect of emotion..physiological activation or increased automatic response..with valence…feeling negative and low arousal
development of emotion
newborns experience pleasure and distress..so 8-9 months all primary emotions..and at 2 weeks they smile while sleeping…2-3 months smile socially
james lange thory
stimulus and arousal is what makes us feel an emotion..example…we feel sad because we cry…and feel angry bc we strike….er don’t cry because we feel sad or strike bc we feel angry
facial feedback hypothersis
a persons facial expressions trigger that person’s experience of emotion….so a person that held a pencil in their mouth,,while reading a comic…was more probable to laugh than the one with a pencil above lip,a s if frowning
cannon-bard thoery
mind and body dont experience the emotion at the same time…first is the mind and then the body
schachter singer two factor theory
cognitive labels besides feelings lead to emotions…ex..bear stimulus…we feel aroused(heart pounds faster….then we label it as a scary bear…and then feel fear…how they label experience influences emotion
misattribution arousal
ppl misidentify the source of their arousal…ex..crossing the bridge that was long and unstable were aroused and attributed it to being attracted to the girl that confronted them..but it was arousal from having crossed the bridge
excitation transfer
the residual physiological arousal caused buy one even can be transferred to a new stimulus…example excitation caused by exercising transferred to desire of eating
emotion and the brain
the Amygdala and the pre-frontal cortex(PFC) example with Eliot and scraping off some PFC…it can either go through thalamus and then directly to amygdala…..response is faster.or it can go through the thalamus…then the visual/auditory cortex, and then to the amygdala..confirms threat first..
DUchenne smile(real smile)
upward turning of the corners of mouth, drooping eyelid, crinkling of corners of eyes
pan-Am smile(fake smile)
movement of mouth, but not eyes
dispplay rules
rules that govern how and when ppl exhibit emotions-learned through socialization…not always true…not all women are emotional and sensitive or all Italians emotional
affect(emotion) as information thoery
we use our current moods to make judgements and appraisals, often when we dont know the source of the mood …so the ppl that were in a good mood said they had a good life…and those in bad mood felt they had a terrible life`
somatic markers
bodily reactions that arise from the emotional evaluation of an actions consequences…ex…gut feelings…about a bad action…why elliot couldn’t use past experiences or judge whether an action was good or not because he couldn’t feel anything when doing the action nor after nor before.
self conscious emotions
emotions that developed to cue-potential exclusion from our in-group…ex..guilt and embarrassment…bc of violating a cultural norm
guilt
a negative emotional state associated with anxiety , tension, and agitation…this can deter actions that may be harmful,,, and or can be used to manipulate others
embarrassment
typically occurs after violating social or cultural norm, losing physical poise and being teased…or experiencing threat to the self image
thought suppression-negative emotion regulation
attempting to not feel or respond to any emotion at all…leads to rebound effects(thoughts bag suppressed become hyper accessible
rumination
thinking about, elaborating, or focusing, on undesired thoughts or feelings
distraction
involves doing something or thinking of something other than the troubling emotion,,,buut it can backfire, leading to a new problem,,,,example overeating, alcohol use
motivation
factor that energize, direct or sustain behavior…emotions are the primary source of motivation…emotion+motivation=occurrence
need
a state of biological or social deficiency…so food and social belonging…in Maslow’s need hierarchy he emphasized that humans must first satisfy the food needs before any achievement needs
self actualization
a state that is achieved when ones persona dreams and aspirations have been attained..but its not as simple as Maslow depicts
drive
a psychological state that by creating arousal, motivates ans organism to satisfy a particular need…example the hunger drive makes us look for food…the thirst drive..makes us drink water…the more deprivation the more drive and more driven to find the need…more arousal–>more motivation–>more performance
homeostasis
a tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium..just as a thermostat,,,
yerkes-dodson law
performance increases arousal up to an optimal point, and then decreases..like a bell curve
pleasure principle
drives people to seek pleasure and avoid pain
hedonism
originated whit the ancient Greeks, refers to humans’ desire for pleasantness…we therefore engage in behaviors bc they make us feel good
extrinsic motivation
motivation to perform an activity bc of external goals which an activity is directed to fulfill
intrinsic motivation
motivation to perform an activity bc of the value or pleasure associated with than activity, rather than for an external goal or purpose..ex…reading a good book, listening to music just because you want to…(more about satisfaction-value)….
self determination theory
aac to this theory ppl are motivated to satisy needs fo competence , relatedness to other, and autonomy, it argues that extrnsic rewards reduce intrinsic value which is a sense of personal control . Therefore it removes the feeling that ppl are choosing to do something for themselves
self perception theory
leads to the perception that the action was performed becomes or the external goal rather than pleasure ..because the are given award unexpectedly
self regulation
the process by which ppl change their behavior to attain personal goals…ex…you set a good goal and so you word harder to achieve it…the challenge is that y9ou must postpone immediate gratification in pursuit of long term goals…being able to do so…=success..
self efficacy
the expectation that your efforts will lead to success…this is directly tied to motivation…ex low self efficacy…then low motivation
need to belong
the need for interpersonal affiliation is a fundamental motive that has evolved for adaptive purposes…ex…low esteem increased anxiety will lead to affiliation motives
hyperphagia
overeating/obesity that can be do damage to te hypothalamus which is associated with the organization of eating behavior
aphagia
stop eating/wight loss
leptin
is a hormone involved in fat regulation…that travels to hypothalamus and inhibits eating behavior…but its better for long-term fat regulation since it is slow acting
gherlin
plays a role in triggering eating behavior…so originates in the stomach….feeling that emptiness that happens before meals
sexual response cycle
excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution phases
sexual strategies theory
women and men have evolved distinct mating strategies bc they have faced diff adaptive doorbells over the course of human history……..women have to commit much more intensive care when reproducing…while men don’t
sexual orientation
an enduring pattern of romantic attraction, sexual behavior, and erotic fantasies. its both a personal and social identity. I am a blank and I am part of the ..blank group
