Chapter 10-Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

emotions-aka affect

Answer 1

the immediate, specific response to environmental events.

Question 2

mood

Answer 2

long-lasting emotional states that influence thought and behavior..

Question 3

primary emotions

Answer 3

emotions that are evolutionarily adaptive, shared culturally, and associated with specific physical states……..anger fear, sadness, disgust, happiness, surprise/content, pride(evven ppl that are blind and have never seen another person look prideful by raising arms, they too raise their arms)

Question 4

secondary emotions

Answer 4

a blend of the primary emotions…..include remorse, guilt, submission, anticipation

Question 5

valence

Answer 5

a core aspect of emotion…its the positivity or negativity of an emotion. can be experienced simultaneously….such as leaving to college makes you feel sad and happy…with arousal…feeling positive and high arousal

Question 6

arousal

Answer 6

core aspect of emotion..physiological activation or increased automatic response..with valence…feeling negative and low arousal

Question 7

development of emotion

Answer 7

newborns experience pleasure and distress..so 8-9 months all primary emotions..and at 2 weeks they smile while sleeping…2-3 months smile socially

Question 8

james lange thory

Answer 8

stimulus and arousal is what makes us feel an emotion..example…we feel sad because we cry…and feel angry bc we strike….er don’t cry because we feel sad or strike bc we feel angry

Question 9

facial feedback hypothersis

Answer 9

a persons facial expressions trigger that person’s experience of emotion….so a person that held a pencil in their mouth,,while reading a comic…was more probable to laugh than the one with a pencil above lip,a s if frowning

Question 10

cannon-bard thoery

Answer 10

mind and body dont experience the emotion at the same time…first is the mind and then the body

Question 11

schachter singer two factor theory

Answer 11

cognitive labels besides feelings lead to emotions…ex..bear stimulus…we feel aroused(heart pounds faster….then we label it as a scary bear…and then feel fear…how they label experience influences emotion

Question 12

misattribution arousal

Answer 12

ppl misidentify the source of their arousal…ex..crossing the bridge that was long and unstable were aroused and attributed it to being attracted to the girl that confronted them..but it was arousal from having crossed the bridge

Question 13

excitation transfer

Answer 13

the residual physiological arousal caused buy one even can be transferred to a new stimulus…example excitation caused by exercising transferred to desire of eating

Question 14

emotion and the brain

Answer 14

the Amygdala and the pre-frontal cortex(PFC) example with Eliot and scraping off some PFC…it can either go through thalamus and then directly to amygdala…..response is faster.or it can go through the thalamus…then the visual/auditory cortex, and then to the amygdala..confirms threat first..

Question 15

DUchenne smile(real smile)

Answer 15

upward turning of the corners of mouth, drooping eyelid, crinkling of corners of eyes

Question 16

pan-Am smile(fake smile)

Answer 16

movement of mouth, but not eyes

Question 17

dispplay rules

Answer 17

rules that govern how and when ppl exhibit emotions-learned through socialization…not always true…not all women are emotional and sensitive or all Italians emotional

Question 18

affect(emotion) as information thoery

Answer 18

we use our current moods to make judgements and appraisals, often when we dont know the source of the mood …so the ppl that were in a good mood said they had a good life…and those in bad mood felt they had a terrible life`

Question 19

somatic markers

Answer 19

bodily reactions that arise from the emotional evaluation of an actions consequences…ex…gut feelings…about a bad action…why elliot couldn’t use past experiences or judge whether an action was good or not because he couldn’t feel anything when doing the action nor after nor before.

Question 20

self conscious emotions

Answer 20

emotions that developed to cue-potential exclusion from our in-group…ex..guilt and embarrassment…bc of violating a cultural norm

Question 21

guilt

Answer 21

a negative emotional state associated with anxiety , tension, and agitation…this can deter actions that may be harmful,,, and or can be used to manipulate others

Question 22

embarrassment

Answer 22

typically occurs after violating social or cultural norm, losing physical poise and being teased…or experiencing threat to the self image

Question 23

thought suppression-negative emotion regulation

Answer 23

attempting to not feel or respond to any emotion at all…leads to rebound effects(thoughts bag suppressed become hyper accessible

Question 24

rumination

Answer 24

thinking about, elaborating, or focusing, on undesired thoughts or feelings

Question 25

distraction

Answer 25

involves doing something or thinking of something other than the troubling emotion,,,buut it can backfire, leading to a new problem,,,,example overeating, alcohol use

Question 26

motivation

Answer 26

factor that energize, direct or sustain behavior…emotions are the primary source of motivation…emotion+motivation=occurrence

Question 27

need

Answer 27

a state of biological or social deficiency…so food and social belonging…in Maslow’s need hierarchy he emphasized that humans must first satisfy the food needs before any achievement needs

Question 28

self actualization

Answer 28

a state that is achieved when ones persona dreams and aspirations have been attained..but its not as simple as Maslow depicts

Question 29

drive

Answer 29

a psychological state that by creating arousal, motivates ans organism to satisfy a particular need…example the hunger drive makes us look for food…the thirst drive..makes us drink water…the more deprivation the more drive and more driven to find the need…more arousal–>more motivation–>more performance

Question 30

homeostasis

Answer 30

a tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium..just as a thermostat,,,

Question 31

yerkes-dodson law

Answer 31

performance increases arousal up to an optimal point, and then decreases..like a bell curve

Question 32

pleasure principle

Answer 32

drives people to seek pleasure and avoid pain

Question 33

hedonism

Answer 33

originated whit the ancient Greeks, refers to humans’ desire for pleasantness…we therefore engage in behaviors bc they make us feel good

Question 34

extrinsic motivation

Answer 34

motivation to perform an activity bc of external goals which an activity is directed to fulfill

Question 35

intrinsic motivation

Answer 35

motivation to perform an activity bc of the value or pleasure associated with than activity, rather than for an external goal or purpose..ex…reading a good book, listening to music just because you want to…(more about satisfaction-value)….

Question 36

self determination theory

Answer 36

aac to this theory ppl are motivated to satisy needs fo competence , relatedness to other, and autonomy, it argues that extrnsic rewards reduce intrinsic value which is a sense of personal control . Therefore it removes the feeling that ppl are choosing to do something for themselves

Question 37

self perception theory

Answer 37

leads to the perception that the action was performed becomes or the external goal rather than pleasure ..because the are given award unexpectedly

Question 38

self regulation

Answer 38

the process by which ppl change their behavior to attain personal goals…ex…you set a good goal and so you word harder to achieve it…the challenge is that y9ou must postpone immediate gratification in pursuit of long term goals…being able to do so…=success..

Question 39

self efficacy

Answer 39

the expectation that your efforts will lead to success…this is directly tied to motivation…ex low self efficacy…then low motivation

Question 40

need to belong

Answer 40

the need for interpersonal affiliation is a fundamental motive that has evolved for adaptive purposes…ex…low esteem increased anxiety will lead to affiliation motives

Question 41

hyperphagia

Answer 41

overeating/obesity that can be do damage to te hypothalamus which is associated with the organization of eating behavior

Question 42

aphagia

Answer 42

stop eating/wight loss

Question 43

leptin

Answer 43

is a hormone involved in fat regulation…that travels to hypothalamus and inhibits eating behavior…but its better for long-term fat regulation since it is slow acting

Question 44

gherlin

Answer 44

plays a role in triggering eating behavior…so originates in the stomach….feeling that emptiness that happens before meals

Question 45

sexual response cycle

Answer 45

excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution phases

Question 46

sexual strategies theory

Answer 46

women and men have evolved distinct mating strategies bc they have faced diff adaptive doorbells over the course of human history……..women have to commit much more intensive care when reproducing…while men don’t

Question 47

sexual orientation

Answer 47

an enduring pattern of romantic attraction, sexual behavior, and erotic fantasies. its both a personal and social identity. I am a blank and I am part of the ..blank group