Chapter 11-Health, Well-being, and Stress

Question 1

Health psychology –

Answer 1

Area of psychology that integrates research on health and psychology to promote well-being.

Question 2

Well-being –

Answer 2

A positive state in which we have optimal health and life satisfaction..must exist together

Question 3

Biopsychosocial model

Answer 3

Views a person’s health and risk for illness as being a combination of:biological, psychological, and social factors…ex…placebo effect

Question 4

placebo

Answer 4

A drug or type of treatment that has no known physiological effect on the health condition it is being used to treat.

Question 5

Placebo effect –

Answer 5

Improvement in a health condition following treatment with a placebo.criteria to be effective…
such as it must physically match the pill its mimicking..person must not know they are being treated with placebo,

Question 6

obesity

Answer 6

Defined as being 20% over your ideal body weight.
…Sometimes its asigmatized because many think that the person can control their eating habits..whcih is not always the case

Question 7

Widely used measurement of obesity is the body mass index (BMI).

Answer 7

ratio of an individuals height to the individuals weight….but this doesn’t take into account an individuals fitness levels, or body fat levels…there is an increase in extremely obese trend…why? more car used rather than walking or riding bike..also the rise in availability of high fat & sugar foods…..

Question 8

physiology of obesity

Answer 8

fat cells cant be lost..must be surgically removed…the fat cells can swell as fat storage increases and could then divide which can be undone…

Question 9

Short-term satiety signals

Answer 9

Hormones released during and after a single meal to signal satiety.

Question 10

Long-term satiety signals

Answer 10

Come from long-term nutrient storage (fat cells).

..can alter brain sensitity to short term hunger and satiety signals

Question 11

Leptin

Answer 11

a peptide hormone that is released from well-nourished fat cellslmouse examle.Binds to receptors in the hypothalamus to signal satiety.

Question 12

leptin resistance

Answer 12

– they do not respond to leptin as a satiety signal as efficiently.

Question 13

thrifty phenotype-an efficient metaboliskmm bec call left over will be used in a good way..

Answer 13

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Question 14

spendthrift job

Answer 14

use two much cals and nothing gets stored as fat

Question 15

Restrained eating

Excessive eating following the belief that an individual has ruined their diet.

Answer 15

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Question 16

May be that reward pathways in the brain are activated by food and encourage additional eating after breaking a diet.

Answer 16

.assocaiited to reward oatheays

Question 17

excercise—->Exerts positive influences on physical, neurophysical, and psychological health.

Physical – Improves cardiovascular functioning; controls metabolism and weight

Answer 17

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Question 18

Neurophysical – Enhances cognition and memory; increases neurotransmitter activity in systems associated with reward, emotion and motivation.

Answer 18

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Question 19

Psychological – Enhances mood; encourages positive stress coping behaviors.

Answer 19

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Question 20

Martin Seligam-Positive psychology –

Answer 20

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to understand psychological well-being….only thing we need to do is feel good about ourselfs

Question 21

Biofeedback – A system of recording, amplifying, and feeding back information about subtle physiological states.

Answer 21

one of the things pyschs say is on eway to minimize neg event i lfe

Question 22

Stress – A pattern of behavioral, psychological, or physiological responses to events that match or exceed available resources to respond in a healthy way

Answer 22

two way s that it can be perceived…a challenge.(so expereince a stressful even that mathces available resources…and threars(events excedd available resources

Question 23

Stressor – An environmental event or stimuli that threatens an organism.

Answer 23

any event in which we have to appraise it as either a threat or a challgenge..two types….a major life stressor…and

Question 24

Major life stressors – Changes or disruptions that strain central areas of people’s lives

Answer 24

.parent divorce..relative death,..break up

Question 25

Daily hassles – Small, day-to-day irritations and annoyances.

Answer 25

stuck on traffic. missing bus…having to do laundry

Question 26

cannon walter–stress—-fight or flight

Answer 26

used to describe an organisms response to acute stress

Question 27

A stressor activates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis.

Answer 27

bain intereprets event to be stressful and there is a transmitance of chemical message to hypothalamus…whih then sends it to pituatary gland..and then to adrenam glands that releases cortisol…which increases glucose for increased energy

Question 28

Shelley Taylor–Tend-and-befriend response – During stressful times, females form social alliances or care for their offspring.

Answer 28

women typically excluded from stress research because men are more likely to exhibit fight or flight…so taylor said that if fight or flight is said to be for men..then women expereince ten and befriend response

Question 29

general adaptation syndrome

Answer 29

observing ovarian hormone response on rats….found that regardless of sex hormone type…rat will respon in a uniofrm way..leading to geeral adaptation syndrome idea..so non specific stress response

Question 30

Gen adapt..syndrome-Phase 1-Alarm phase

Answer 30

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Question 31

Resistance stage…

Answer 31

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Question 32

exhaustion stage

Answer 32

..after finals week…so vulnerable immune sytem

Question 33

Psychoneuroimmunology – Field of study that investigates the body’s immune response to psychological variables

Answer 33

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Question 34

Primary appraisals – Is the stimuli stressful, benign, or irrelevant?

Answer 34

tnedency to be unconsocius…

Question 35

Secondary appraisals – How do we respond? How do we cope?

Answer 35

tends to be more cosnocius…we tink activel y to howe we respond and how we can cope with it…two types…emotion focused coping..and problem focused coping

Question 36

Minority stress – The excess stress that members of stigmatized groups experience because they experience prejudice and discrimination.

Answer 36

illan meyer…this accounts fro disparities in mental and physical helath