Chapter 11-Health, Well-being, and Stress Flashcards
Health psychology –
Area of psychology that integrates research on health and psychology to promote well-being.
Well-being –
A positive state in which we have optimal health and life satisfaction..must exist together
Biopsychosocial model
Views a person’s health and risk for illness as being a combination of:biological, psychological, and social factors…ex…placebo effect
placebo
A drug or type of treatment that has no known physiological effect on the health condition it is being used to treat.
Placebo effect –
Improvement in a health condition following treatment with a placebo.criteria to be effective…
such as it must physically match the pill its mimicking..person must not know they are being treated with placebo,
obesity
Defined as being 20% over your ideal body weight.
…Sometimes its asigmatized because many think that the person can control their eating habits..whcih is not always the case
Widely used measurement of obesity is the body mass index (BMI).
ratio of an individuals height to the individuals weight….but this doesn’t take into account an individuals fitness levels, or body fat levels…there is an increase in extremely obese trend…why? more car used rather than walking or riding bike..also the rise in availability of high fat & sugar foods…..
physiology of obesity
fat cells cant be lost..must be surgically removed…the fat cells can swell as fat storage increases and could then divide which can be undone…
Short-term satiety signals
Hormones released during and after a single meal to signal satiety.
Long-term satiety signals
Come from long-term nutrient storage (fat cells).
..can alter brain sensitity to short term hunger and satiety signals
Leptin
a peptide hormone that is released from well-nourished fat cellslmouse examle.Binds to receptors in the hypothalamus to signal satiety.
leptin resistance
– they do not respond to leptin as a satiety signal as efficiently.
thrifty phenotype-an efficient metaboliskmm bec call left over will be used in a good way..
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spendthrift job
use two much cals and nothing gets stored as fat
Restrained eating
Excessive eating following the belief that an individual has ruined their diet.
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May be that reward pathways in the brain are activated by food and encourage additional eating after breaking a diet.
.assocaiited to reward oatheays
excercise—->Exerts positive influences on physical, neurophysical, and psychological health.
Physical – Improves cardiovascular functioning; controls metabolism and weight
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Neurophysical – Enhances cognition and memory; increases neurotransmitter activity in systems associated with reward, emotion and motivation.
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Psychological – Enhances mood; encourages positive stress coping behaviors.
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Martin Seligam-Positive psychology –
The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to understand psychological well-being….only thing we need to do is feel good about ourselfs
Biofeedback – A system of recording, amplifying, and feeding back information about subtle physiological states.
one of the things pyschs say is on eway to minimize neg event i lfe
Stress – A pattern of behavioral, psychological, or physiological responses to events that match or exceed available resources to respond in a healthy way
two way s that it can be perceived…a challenge.(so expereince a stressful even that mathces available resources…and threars(events excedd available resources
Stressor – An environmental event or stimuli that threatens an organism.
any event in which we have to appraise it as either a threat or a challgenge..two types….a major life stressor…and
Major life stressors – Changes or disruptions that strain central areas of people’s lives
.parent divorce..relative death,..break up
Daily hassles – Small, day-to-day irritations and annoyances.
stuck on traffic. missing bus…having to do laundry
cannon walter–stress—-fight or flight
used to describe an organisms response to acute stress
A stressor activates the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis.
bain intereprets event to be stressful and there is a transmitance of chemical message to hypothalamus…whih then sends it to pituatary gland..and then to adrenam glands that releases cortisol…which increases glucose for increased energy
Shelley Taylor–Tend-and-befriend response – During stressful times, females form social alliances or care for their offspring.
women typically excluded from stress research because men are more likely to exhibit fight or flight…so taylor said that if fight or flight is said to be for men..then women expereince ten and befriend response
general adaptation syndrome
observing ovarian hormone response on rats….found that regardless of sex hormone type…rat will respon in a uniofrm way..leading to geeral adaptation syndrome idea..so non specific stress response
Gen adapt..syndrome-Phase 1-Alarm phase
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Resistance stage…
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exhaustion stage
..after finals week…so vulnerable immune sytem
Psychoneuroimmunology – Field of study that investigates the body’s immune response to psychological variables
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Primary appraisals – Is the stimuli stressful, benign, or irrelevant?
tnedency to be unconsocius…
Secondary appraisals – How do we respond? How do we cope?
tends to be more cosnocius…we tink activel y to howe we respond and how we can cope with it…two types…emotion focused coping..and problem focused coping
Minority stress – The excess stress that members of stigmatized groups experience because they experience prejudice and discrimination.
illan meyer…this accounts fro disparities in mental and physical helath
