Chapter 12 Review ~ Basics of Chemistry Flashcards
There are about ____ naturally occurring elements, each with its own distinctive physical and chemical properties.
90
If a product has a pH of 8.9, it is considered ___.
Alkaline
Liquids that mix easily are known as ___.
Miscible
Pure water with a pH of 7 is considered to be ___.
Neutral
When fermented to make wine, the sugar in grapes is converted into: ___.
Ethyl alcohol
A combination of substances that are held together by physical rather than chemical ties is called a ___.
Mixture
The separating of a substance into ions is known as ___.
Ionization
What type of change occurs when ice melts and becomes water?
Physical
A special type of oil used in nail polish dryers and as a skin protectant is ___.
Silicones
___ are substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.
Alkanolamines
Organic chemistry is the study of substances containing ___.
Carbon
The tail of a surfactant molecule is ___, meaning oil-loving.
Lipophilic
A molecule is formed by joining two or more ___ chemically.
Atoms
Temporary mixtures of two kinds of matter are ___.
Suspensions
In creating a solution, the liquid used to dissolve a substance is called the ___.
Solvent
An alternation of the properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance is a ___.
Physical change
A permanent mixture of two or more substances that are united with the aid of a binder is ___.
Emulsion
A preparation made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance is ___.
Solution
When two or more atoms are joined together chemically, what is created?
Molecule
The smallest particle of an element is the ___.
Atom
A new product formed by the uniting of two or more elements is known as __.
Compound
The branch of chemistry which deals with products that do not contain carbon is called ___.
Inorganic chemistry
Substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify are ___.
Surfactants
___ organic compounds are substances containing carbon and evaporate very quickly and easily.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)
Substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances are called ___.
Elements
When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a new substance called a ___.
Compound
Anything that occupies space, has physical and chemical properties, and exists in either a solid, liquid, or gas form is known as ___.
Matter
Redox is a contraction for ___.
Oxidation-reduction
Another name for alkalis is ___.
Bases
The head of a surfactant molecule is ___, meaning water-loving.
Hydrophilic
When a substance is combined with oxygen, the substance is ___.
Oxidized
A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound is known as ___.
Reducing agent
A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance is called ___.
Reduction reaction
