Chapter 12 Review ~ Basics of Chemistry

Question 0

There are about ____ naturally occurring elements, each with its own distinctive physical and chemical properties.

Answer 0

90

Question 1

If a product has a pH of 8.9, it is considered ___.

Answer 1

Alkaline

Question 2

Liquids that mix easily are known as ___.

Answer 2

Miscible

Question 3

Pure water with a pH of 7 is considered to be ___.

Answer 3

Neutral

Question 4

When fermented to make wine, the sugar in grapes is converted into: ___.

Answer 4

Ethyl alcohol

Question 5

A combination of substances that are held together by physical rather than chemical ties is called a ___.

Answer 5

Mixture

Question 6

The separating of a substance into ions is known as ___.

Answer 6

Ionization

Question 7

What type of change occurs when ice melts and becomes water?

Answer 7

Physical

Question 8

A special type of oil used in nail polish dryers and as a skin protectant is ___.

Answer 8

Silicones

Question 9

___ are substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.

Answer 9

Alkanolamines

Question 10

Organic chemistry is the study of substances containing ___.

Answer 10

Carbon

Question 11

The tail of a surfactant molecule is ___, meaning oil-loving.

Answer 11

Lipophilic

Question 12

A molecule is formed by joining two or more ___ chemically.

Answer 12

Atoms

Question 13

Temporary mixtures of two kinds of matter are ___.

Answer 13

Suspensions

Question 14

In creating a solution, the liquid used to dissolve a substance is called the ___.

Answer 14

Solvent

Question 15

An alternation of the properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance is a ___.

Answer 15

Physical change

Question 16

A permanent mixture of two or more substances that are united with the aid of a binder is ___.

Answer 16

Emulsion

Question 17

A preparation made by dissolving a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance in another substance is ___.

Answer 17

Solution

Question 18

When two or more atoms are joined together chemically, what is created?

Answer 18

Molecule

Question 19

The smallest particle of an element is the ___.

Answer 19

Atom

Question 20

A new product formed by the uniting of two or more elements is known as __.

Answer 20

Compound

Question 21

The branch of chemistry which deals with products that do not contain carbon is called ___.

Answer 21

Inorganic chemistry

Question 22

Substances that act as a bridge to allow oil and water to mix or emulsify are ___.

Answer 22

Surfactants

Question 23

___ organic compounds are substances containing carbon and evaporate very quickly and easily.

Answer 23

VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)

Question 24

Substances that cannot be reduced to simpler substances are called ___.

Answer 24

Elements

Question 25

When two or more elements combine chemically, they form a new substance called a ___.

Answer 25

Compound

Question 26

Anything that occupies space, has physical and chemical properties, and exists in either a solid, liquid, or gas form is known as ___.

Answer 26

Matter

Question 27

Redox is a contraction for ___.

Answer 27

Oxidation-reduction

Question 28

Another name for alkalis is ___.

Answer 28

Bases

Question 29

The head of a surfactant molecule is ___, meaning water-loving.

Answer 29

Hydrophilic

Question 30

When a substance is combined with oxygen, the substance is ___.

Answer 30

Oxidized

Question 31

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound is known as ___.

Answer 31

Reducing agent

Question 32

A chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance is called ___.

Answer 32

Reduction reaction