Chapter 12: Diversity of Life Flashcards

1
Q

define taxonomy

A
  • arrangement law
  • science of naming and grouping species into an internationally shared classification system
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2
Q

define taxon

A
  • group at each level
  • species, genus, family, etc
  • each is capitalized except for species
  • genus and species are italicized
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3
Q

define binomial nomenclature

A
  • scientific or latin name
  • two name system includes genus and species
  • genus capitalized, species not capitalized, both italicized
  • ex: Canis lupus (in italics)
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4
Q

define LUCA

A
  • last universal common ancestor
  • cellular organism that has a lipid bilayer and used DNA, RNA, and proteins (things all organisms have)
  • does not still exist
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5
Q

define phylogenic tree

A
  • diagram based on shared characteristics
  • shows evolution and relationships among organisms
  • map of evolutionary history
  • hypothesis of evolutionary past
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6
Q

define sister taxa

A
  • two lineages that stem from the same branch point
  • two species that descended from a common ancestor
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7
Q

define branch point

A
  • point where split occurs in phylogenic tree
  • represents where a single lineage evolved into distinct new ones
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8
Q

define rooted

A
  • means there is a single ancestral taxon at the base of a phylogenic tree to which all organisms represented in the diagram descend form
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9
Q

what are the 3 domains

A
  • bacteria
  • archaea
  • eukarya
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10
Q

what makes bacteria and archaea similar

A
  • unicellular
  • prokaryotes
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11
Q

how are eukarya different from bacteria and archaea

A
  • unicellular or multicellular
  • eukaryotes: have nucleus and multiple organelles
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12
Q

describe the taxonomic classification system (linnaean system)

A
  • uses hierarchical model
  • higher levels (species) are more specific than lower levels (domain)
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13
Q

list the order of taxonomic classification in order from most broad to most specific

A
  • domain
  • kingdom
  • phylum
  • class
  • order
  • family
  • genus
  • species
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14
Q

do taxonomic classifications ever change

A
  • yes
  • new advancements can be made that change our understanding of evolutionary relationships between organisms
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15
Q

what are 2 incorrect assumptions about the phylogenic tree

A
  • more closely related organisms look more alike: may look very different after evolution of major adaptation
  • branches show length of time since evolution: only shows order of evolutionary events, no relation to time
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16
Q

why does phylogeny matter

A
  • used to study evolution and transmission of disease
  • important for making decision about conservation efforts