Chapter 12: Diversity of Life Flashcards
1
Q
define taxonomy
A
- arrangement law
- science of naming and grouping species into an internationally shared classification system
2
Q
define taxon
A
- group at each level
- species, genus, family, etc
- each is capitalized except for species
- genus and species are italicized
3
Q
define binomial nomenclature
A
- scientific or latin name
- two name system includes genus and species
- genus capitalized, species not capitalized, both italicized
- ex: Canis lupus (in italics)
4
Q
define LUCA
A
- last universal common ancestor
- cellular organism that has a lipid bilayer and used DNA, RNA, and proteins (things all organisms have)
- does not still exist
5
Q
define phylogenic tree
A
- diagram based on shared characteristics
- shows evolution and relationships among organisms
- map of evolutionary history
- hypothesis of evolutionary past
6
Q
define sister taxa
A
- two lineages that stem from the same branch point
- two species that descended from a common ancestor
7
Q
define branch point
A
- point where split occurs in phylogenic tree
- represents where a single lineage evolved into distinct new ones
8
Q
define rooted
A
- means there is a single ancestral taxon at the base of a phylogenic tree to which all organisms represented in the diagram descend form
9
Q
what are the 3 domains
A
- bacteria
- archaea
- eukarya
10
Q
what makes bacteria and archaea similar
A
- unicellular
- prokaryotes
11
Q
how are eukarya different from bacteria and archaea
A
- unicellular or multicellular
- eukaryotes: have nucleus and multiple organelles
12
Q
describe the taxonomic classification system (linnaean system)
A
- uses hierarchical model
- higher levels (species) are more specific than lower levels (domain)
13
Q
list the order of taxonomic classification in order from most broad to most specific
A
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
14
Q
do taxonomic classifications ever change
A
- yes
- new advancements can be made that change our understanding of evolutionary relationships between organisms
15
Q
what are 2 incorrect assumptions about the phylogenic tree
A
- more closely related organisms look more alike: may look very different after evolution of major adaptation
- branches show length of time since evolution: only shows order of evolutionary events, no relation to time