Chapter 12 Flashcards
As a student, Gordon Allport was influenced by his teacher Münsterberg’s conception of psychology as
a dual discipline having both an objective-causal and a subjective-purposive side.
Gordon Allport’s youthful encounter with Freud left him with which conviction?
that “depth psychologies” were not always appropriate for dealing with normal in-dividuals
The word “personality” entered psychological terminology largely as a replacement for which older term?
character
Who among the following was not a major influence on Gordon Allport’s early career?
Alfred Adler
Gordon and Floyd Allport’s early work on personality was notable for what?
discussing the concept of “personality” more systematically than had been done be-fore
William Stern promoted a(n) __________ psychology where a central focus was on __________.
personalistic; the individual person
Gordon Allport’s important collaborative projects included all of the following EX-CEPT
the “PEN” model of personality with Hans Eysenck
Gordon Allport identified and promoted which of the following pairs of contrasting re-search styles in personality?
nomothetic and idiographic
Of the following methods, which did Allport’s 1937 personality textbook argue was “the most revealing of all”?
the case study method
What is the term for Gordon Allport’s notion that although motives may originate in childhood, they may be maintained or even strengthened in the mature personality be-cause they have become reinforcing or rewarding in their own right?
functional autonomy of motives
Hans Eysenck’s personality theory emphasizes which three factors?
extraversion/introversion, neuroticism, psychoticism
What type of research methodology did Cattell use in order to create the 16PF ques-tionnaire?
factor analysis
What is Henry Murray is well known for?
his co-invention of the Thematic Apperception Test
David McClelland and his colleagues measured the “needs” for affiliation, achievement, and power with which instrument?
the TAT
Gordon Allport effectively promoted all of the following concepts EXCEPT
the hierarchy of needs.
Besides personality theory, Gordon Allport made significant contributions to the study of what?
religion and prejudice
Following psychoanalysis and behaviorism, what became classified as the “third force” in psychology?
humanistic psychology
Abraham Maslow recalled that his own early life
was quite unhappy, leading him to wonder where his mature, “positive psycholo-gy” ever came from.
Abraham Maslow’s original enthusiasm for becoming a psychologist was aroused by what?
John B. Watson’s behaviorism
Maslow’s dissertation research on monkeys and motivation supported which conclu-sion?
Dominance and sexuality were separate but interacting motivations, and in practice dominance usually predominated over pure sexuality.
Which one of the following was Abraham Maslow’s Ph.D. dissertation supervisor at the University of Wisconsin?
Harry Harlow
What was the primary reason Maslow had trouble obtaining his first full-time universi-ty position?
the prevalence of anti-Semitic attitudes at the time
Maslow’s mentors during his postgraduate experience in the “New Athens” of New York City included all of the following EXCEPT
John B. Watson.
Which of the following was a major psychological term that Maslow adopted following his interaction with Max Wertheimer?
peak experiences
Which of the following are Maslow’s original two examples of people he regarded as self-actualized personalities?
Ruth Benedict and Max Wertheimer
Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, begin-ning at the bottom?
physiological needs, safety needs, love/belonging needs, esteem needs, self-actualization
From which of the following figures did Maslow borrow the term “self-actualization”?
Kurt Goldstein
Carl Rogers effectively promoted which of the following?
a client-centered therapy stressing unconditional positive regard
In whom did Maslow find two important allies in his effort to establish of a humanistic, third force in psychology?
Carl Rogers and Rollo May
What was Maslow’s late term for an ideal, utopian society inhabited by self-actualized people?
Eupsychia
Gordon Allport and Abraham Maslow both had significant negative early personal ex-periences with which of the following important psychologists?
Edward B. Titchener
What question did Sigmund Freud ask Gordon Allport that made a lasting impression on him?
Was that little boy you?
Gordon Allport’s earliest work on personality focused largely on which of the follow-ing concepts?
traits
What was William Stern’s term for a kind of “individuality” defined by a person’s rela-tive or statistical positions on a large number of separately measured traits?
relational individuality
Which one of the following psychologists was a pioneer in the factor analysis of per-sonality traits?
Raymond Cattell
__________ was a major controversy that preoccupied many personality psychologists in the 1970s and early 1980s.
the person-situation controversy
Which one of the following psychologists suggested that, in general, situational factors may be more important than personality traits in determining a person’s behavior?
Walter Mischel
The practice of using psychoanalytic and other psychological concepts to interpret and illuminate an individual’s life story is referred to as which of the following?
psychobiography
Ruth Benedict was notable for which of the following?
the notion that culture could be thought of as “personality writ large”
What was the title of an important book written by Erich Fromm?
Escape from Freedom
From whom did Maslow learn about the importance of peak experiences and “Aha moments”?
Max Wertheimer
Maslow’s theory of human motivations is traditionally depicted with which image?
a pyramid with physiological needs at the base and self-actualization at the top
How is Carl Rogers’s therapeutic technique of reflection best defined?
mirroring back what the client has said but using different words
The “quest for meaning” is a particularly prominent theme in which of the following?
Rollo May’s existential psychotherapy
With which of the following concepts is Martin Seligman most closely associated?
positive psychology
