Chapter 11

Question 1

The cathartic method for treating hysteria was first developed by whom?

Answer 1

Josef Breuer

Question 2

In their early work on the nature of hysteria, Freud and Breuer stated that hysterics suf-fer mainly from what?

Answer 2

reminiscences

Question 3

At the beginning of his medical career, Freud hoped to specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of what?

Answer 3

neurological diseases

Question 4

When Freud visited the Nancy clinic, he saw a hypnotist overcome an example of post-hypnotic amnesia merely by placing his hand on the subject’s forehead and assuring him that he would remember. This inspired Freud to use __________ in his own work on hysteria.

Answer 4

the pressure technique

Question 5

After Freud had abandoned hypnosis and adopted free association in his treatment of hysterics, the new method helped him to newly appreciate the previously overlooked importance of what he called

Answer 5

overdetermination.

Question 6

A theory of hysteria that Freud held for a time but abandoned when it turned out to be incorrect was called what?

Answer 6

seduction theory

Question 7

When Freud found that a “neutral” manifest dream image such as the chemical formula for trimethylamine symbolized a taboo sexual idea, he named the process involved

Answer 7

displacement.

Question 8

In Freud’s theory, the dream work consists of which three processes?

Answer 8

displacement, condensation, and concrete representation

Question 9

Which of the following are attributes of the secondary process, in Freud’s theory?

Answer 9

It is conscious and responsible for rational thinking.

Question 10

Freud referred to his general theories or models of the psyche, going beyond his more explicitly clinical theories, as

Answer 10

metapsychology.

Question 11

Partly influenced by his new theory of dreams, Freud came to believe that the “seduc-tion memories” related to him by his hysterical patients were really

Answer 11

reflections of sexual wishes.

Question 12

Freud’s self-analysis was especially influential in helping him to first appreciate the im-portance of

Answer 12

the Oedipus complex.

Question 13

Freud’s theory of childhood sexuality emphasized the newborn infant’s

Answer 13

polymorphous perversity.

Question 14

Freud cited the traits of orderliness, obstinacy, and thriftiness as hallmarks of the

Answer 14

anal character.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of the case of Dora?

Answer 15

It taught Freud the importance of transference.

Question 16

A draft manuscript, unpublished during Freud’s lifetime, which he wrote in 1895 and which described his model of the mind in neurological terms, is called

Answer 16

Project for a Scientific Psychology.

Question 17

In Freud’s final model of the mind, as presented in The Ego and the Id, conflicting de-mands upon the psyche are seen as coming from

Answer 17

the biological instincts, external reality, and morality.

Question 18

In Freud’s final model of the mind, what agency is responsible for trying to resolve the conflicts set up by the contradictory demands upon the mind?

Answer 18

ego

Question 19

Which of the following would Freud NOT have seen as compromises created by the ego in response to conflicting demands made upon the psyche?

Answer 19

cries of pain

Question 20

Who was a major female figure who collaborated with Freud in developing the concept of defense mechanisms?

Answer 20

Anna Freud

Question 21

When a man suffers insults from his boss in silence, then comes home and yells at his wife and kicks his dog, he illustrates what defense mechanism?

Answer 21

displacement

Question 22

What is the title of the book Freud wrote toward the end of his life in which he dis-cussed some of the philosophical implications of his theories and took a rather pessi-mistic view of the future of human civilization?

Answer 22

Civilization and Its Discontents

Question 23

Freud theorized controversially that boys and girls experience different reactions to the “castration complex” in that boys develop crucial feelings of__________ whereas for girls it is strong __________.

Answer 23

anxiety; envy

Question 24

Why were Freud’s attitudes and writings on women were both controversial and para-doxical?

Answer 24

He believed that women had weaker superegos than men but also supported their entry into the profession of psychoanalysis.

Question 25

Karen Horney disagreed most specifically with which aspect of Freud’s theory?

Answer 25

his male-biased view of female sexuality

Question 26

Psychoanalyst __________ disagreed with the emphasis placed on the Oedipal period and instead emphasized the importance of the infant’s first relationship, that with its mother. The school of psychoanalysis that developed from this idea is known as __________.

Answer 26

Melanie Klein; object relations

Question 27

When Freud delivered his lectures on psychoanalysis at Clark University in 1909, they were promoted and publicized by __________, but criticized as unscientific by __________.

Answer 27

Hall; Titchener

Question 28

Which academic psychologist conducted important early laboratory-based experimental research on a psychoanalytic concept?

Answer 28

Saul Rosenzweig, with his study of motivated forgetting or repression

Question 29

Which of the following was NOT true about Sigmund Freud’s childhood and early life?

Answer 29

He had an older brother whom he always tried to surpass.

Question 30

Freud’s university philosophy teacher Franz Brentano promoted which of the follow-ing?

Answer 30

an act psychology emphasizing the concept of intentionality

Question 31

Why did Freud begin his serious medical practice with hysteria patients?

Answer 31

He could not make a living treating ordinary neurological patients.

Question 32

Which of the following men did NOT play a significant personal role in Sigmund Freud’s early training?

Answer 32

John Stuart Mill

Question 33

Which of the following was true of Alfred Adler’s early life?

Answer 33

He was a sickly child, overshadowed by an active and popular older brother.

Question 34

Which of the following was one of Adler’s most famous concepts?

Answer 34

the inferiority complex

Question 35

Alfred Adler theorized that children who are born second within their families are likely to develop

Answer 35

with strong competitive attitudes and desires.

Question 36

Which of the following concepts was NOT an important part of Alfred Adler’s theory?

Answer 36

introversion

Question 37

Which of the following was true of Carl Jung’s early life?

Answer 37

He had to contend with a mentally unstable mother who had night visions.

Question 38

Carl Jung’s early psychiatric experience dealt primarily with what kind of patients?

Answer 38

schizophrenic patients

Question 39

Which of the following was an early contribution of Carl Jung that he sent to Freud and that helped open the way to their first meeting with each other?

Answer 39

a copy of his word association test

Question 40

In Carl Jung’s model of the psyche, the component most closely oriented towards the outer, external world is called

Answer 40

the persona.

Question 41

In Jungian theory, which of the following is an archetype?

Answer 41

a mandala

Question 42

Who among the following was NOT present along with Freud at the 1909 Clark Uni-versity conference?

Answer 42

Alfred Adler

Question 43

Which of the following most accurately describes Freud’s reaction when he learned about Rosenzweig’s experimental study demonstrating motivated forgetting?

Answer 43

He was indifferent, arguing that the real-life observations in psychoanalytic practice provided better evidence than any laboratory experiment.

Question 44

Compared to Freud’s, Alfred Adler’s approach to psychotherapy placed more empha-sis on

Answer 44

the social context and misguided notions about the self.

Question 45

Which of the following is an important book written by Carl Jung?

Answer 45

Memories, Dreams and Reflections