Chapter 11.2 The brain and Cognition

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

Refers to the stimuli information detected by the sensory receptors in our nervous system.

Question 2

Perception

Answer 2

Perception is the brain organizing and interpreting these stimuli, and can be influenced by experiences and mood.

Question 3

Memory

Answer 3

A mental record of events

Question 4

Sensory memory

Answer 4

Sensory memory refers to memory being brought in by the senses at a given moment. 5 seconds stored. Allows you to perceive the environment.

Question 5

Short term memory

Answer 5

Store information that you are working with – hence, also known as working memory. Holds info for 30 secs.

Question 6

Long term memory

Answer 6

All of the knowledge that you remember is stored in your long-term memory. Stored for lifetime.

Question 7

Chunking

Answer 7

grouping information together to improve short-term memory.

Question 8

Contextual clues

Answer 8

memory is better in the context/ environment it was learnt in

Question 9

Rehearsal

Answer 9

Maintenance rehearsal – repeating information verbally/mentally
Elaborate rehearsal – linking information through stories, mind-maps or pictures (more effective in learning)

Question 10

Learning

Answer 10

a change in behavior or attitude

Question 11

Classical conditioning

Answer 11

Classical conditioning is the process where an unrelated stimulus is taught to bring about a response.
e.g Neutral stimulus (bell) and unconditioned stimulus (food) presented together causes salivation - conditioned stimuli and response.

Question 12

Operant conditioning

Answer 12

Operant conditioning is a process where:
- Good behaviors are rewarded
- Bad behaviors are punished

Question 13

Observational learning

Answer 13

Observational learning suggests that people copy behaviors displayed by others, particularly children emulating the behavior of adults