Chapter 10 - Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Question 1

Hot Spots

Answer 1

Isolated weak spots in the crust.
Creates a volcano or volcanic island above it.
As the tectonic plate moves across the hotspot, new volcanoes form, leaving a chain of islands behind it.

Question 2

How are Volcanoes formed?

Answer 2

Volcanoes are formed through weak spots in the crust, for example plate boundaries, divergent and convergent.

Question 3

How does an Earthquake form?

Answer 3

Tectonic plates are typically held together by friction.
When other forces overcome the friction forces, the plates slip, releasing waves of energy.

Question 4

Seismic Waves

Answer 4

Primary Waves (P-waves) move longitudinally back and forth that travel fast.
Secondary Waves (S-waves) move transversely up and down and travel slower than P-waves.
Surface waves move in a rolling motion and are slowerst. Cause most destruction.

Question 5

Richter scale

Answer 5

The Richter scale measures the severity of earthquakes.

Question 6

Logarithmic scale

Answer 6

each number represents a 10-fold increase, a magnitude 5.0 earthquake is 10 times more destructive than a magnitude 4.0.