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Masterbooks Introduction to Logic > Chapter 11 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Review Flashcards

1
Q

A philosophy advocating the repression of emotion and indifference to pleasure or pain.

A

stoicism

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2
Q

A positive mental attitude toward a proposition; something a person accepts as true

A

belief

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3
Q

Contrary to the mind of God

A

false

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4
Q

That which is suggested by evidence or reasoning. That which follows logically from something else

A

implications

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5
Q

___ is the study of the principles of correct reasoning. It is the way God thinks

A

Logic

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6
Q

In accordance with the laws of Logic: logical

A

rational

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7
Q

Comforming to the mind of God

A

true

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8
Q

To be ___ is to reason incorrectly. But god, by His nature always reasons correctly.

A

illogical

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9
Q

Having confidence in something not perceived with the senses.

A

faith

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10
Q

The disclosure of information from God to man

A

revelation (divine)

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11
Q

true, justified belief

A

knowledge

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12
Q

universal, invariant, abstract rules of correct reasoning

A

laws of logic

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13
Q

independent of the person; something that is the same for all people

A

objective

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14
Q

A truth claim, may be true or false

A

proposition

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15
Q

having supreme power or authority and not required to answer to any higher authority

A

sovereign

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16
Q

The disclosure of information from God to man contained in the Bible.

A

special revelation

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17
Q

Unbelievers too are made in the image of God, and hence have the capacity for ___ reasoning, God has given them knowledge as well.

A

rational

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18
Q

To copy or imitate; to match the characteristics of another.

A

emulate

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19
Q

Pertaining to the quality, kind, or nature of a thing, regardless of the amount or degree.

A

qualitatively

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20
Q

Pertaining to the amount, degree, or number of something.

A

quantitatively

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21
Q

Disobedience to God

A

sin

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22
Q

Conjecture, guess, or hypothesis, without sufficient supporting evidence.

A

speculation

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23
Q

The Bible reveals that human beings are made in God’s image, and therefore reflect some of His attributes, including the ability to ___.

A

reason

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24
Q

God always thinks correctly, and the Bible commands us to think like Him (Isaiah 55:7-8) and emulate His ___. (Ephesians 5:1)

A

character

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25
Q

A series of propositions where the truth of one is said to follow from the others

A

argument

26
Q

A proposition in an argument that is taken as an accepted fact.

A

premise

27
Q

The proposition in an argument that the person is attempting to prove

A

conclusion

28
Q

Opinions formed from evidence; what people reason to be true or likely true from evidence or reason.

A

inferences

29
Q

The tendency to induce belief or behavior in a person. An argument is one in which most people will accept the conclusion as true

A

persuasive

30
Q

A good argument has true ___, and the conclusion follows from them.

A

premises

31
Q

An argument in which the conclusion is certainly true if the premises are.

A

deductive argument

32
Q

An argument in which the conclusion is likely to be true if the premises are.

A

inductive argument

33
Q

A common error in reasoning.

A

fallacy

34
Q

Independent of arbitrary standards; being without exception or qualification

A

absolute

35
Q

Existing in thought as an idea but having no physical or material existence.

A

abstract

36
Q

Abstract; existing within the mind such as a thought or idea

A

conceptual

37
Q

not changing over time

A

invariant

38
Q

“A thing is itself” or “if A then A.”

A

Law of Identity

39
Q

The compound proposition “A and not-A” is always false. Or, “You cannot have A and not-A at the same time and in the same sense.”

A

Law of Non-contradiction

40
Q

The compound proposition “A or not-A” is always true. Or, “Either A is true or not-A is true.” A proposition always has the opposite truth value of its negation.

A

Law of the Excluded Middle

41
Q

The opposite proposition is formed by adding “it is not the case that” to the original proposition. It always has the opposite truth value of a given proposition.

A

negation

42
Q

Able to exist or exert power at all locations in space at the same time.

A

omni-present

43
Q

Applicable everywhere.

A

universal

44
Q

To project or expand beyond known data or experiences based on patterns exhibited in known data or experiences; to infer unknown values or properties based on known values or properties.

A

extrapolate

45
Q

To provide reasons for proposition.

A

justify

46
Q

Pertaining to the belief or conviction that there is one and only one God.

A

monotheistic

47
Q

Pertaining to the belief that there are multiple gods.

A

polytheistic

48
Q

The negation of a proposition, or the combination of the proposition and its negation. “A and not-A” is a contradiction.

A

contradiction

49
Q

In accordance with our feelings or expectations

A

intuitive

50
Q

Practical; based on what works regardless of theoretical considerations, principles, moral implications, or truth.

A

pragmatic

51
Q

That which shows itself to be wrong. A self-refuting argument is one in which the conclusion is inconsistent with one or more of the premises.

A

self-refuting

52
Q

To go beyond

A

transcend

53
Q

Something that appears clear to the eye or mind, though it may not be.

A

apparant

54
Q

Those things that are required in advance; that which is necessary to a particular end.

A

prerequisites

55
Q

The art or skill of speaking or writing effectively and persuasively (regardless of considerations of logic or truth).

A

rhetoric

56
Q

Dependent on the thoughts or feelings of the individual.

A

subjective

57
Q

___ is having confidence (or proof, or good reasons) for what you have not experienced with your senses. It is a confident expectation in that which is unseen (Hebrews 11:1).

A

Faith

58
Q

to not have a specific reason for a belief or action; not having a reason

A

arbitrary

59
Q

An informal argument is cogent if the conclusion is likely to be true.

A

cogent

60
Q

At variance or not compatible; two things that do not go well together

A

inconsistent

Masterbooks Introduction to Logic (76 decks)

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