Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 192 Lab > Chapter 11-Arthropods > Flashcards

Chapter 11-Arthropods Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which phylum is the largest and most successful group of animals?

A

Phylum Arthropoda

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage of all species is in Arthropoda?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the reason for the success of arthropods?

A

tremendous adaptability, found in every environment, dominant in marine, freshwater, terrestrial, and aerial habitats; one of three taxa to exhibit powered flight and one of two taxa adapted to withstand life in dry environemnts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is another name for molting?

A

edysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are characteristics of a typical arthropod?

A

bilaterally symmetric, segmented body, jointed appendages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are segments on the body that form functional groups called?

A

tagmata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F Tagmata can either be fused or moveable.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many tagmata do insects have?

A

3-head, thorax, and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many tagmata do spiders have?

A

2-cephalothorax and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of coelom do arthropods have?

A

true coelom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the coelom like in arthropods?

A

greatly reduced and its role as the main body cavity has been supplanted by fluid-filled hemocoel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F Arthropods have a closed circulatory system.

A

False: they have an open circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is blood called in arthropods? How is it pumped?

A

hemolymph-pumped through the heart inshore arteries before filling the hemocoel which surrounds the internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the nervous system of arthropods like?

A

brain, pair of connectives that encircles the gut just posterior to the brain, paired ventral nerve cord with segmental ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the respiratory system consist of?

A

gills or tracheae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the success of arthropods explained in large part by?

A

segmented body plan, jointed appendages, and exoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did jointed appendages allow for?

A

develop efficient modes of locomotion both in water and on land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do exoskeletons provide?

A

protection against predators, an internal attachment surface for muscles that move limbs (and wings in the case of insects), and a barrier against desiccation in terrestrial environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a cuticle?

A

hard, thick structure composed primarily of nitrogenous polysaccharide chitin; folds inward to form support structures as well as the tracheal system and portions of the alimentary canal; allow animal to move by staying think and flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is the cuticle shed?

A

yes; periodically since it does not increase with animal growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 4 major groups of arthropods?

A
  1. chelicerates (spiders, scorpions, and the kin) 2. myriapods (centipedes and millipedes) 3. crustaceans (crabs and their kin) 4. insects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 3 extant subphyla of Arthropoda?

A

Chelicerata, Crustacea, and Uniramia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does Uniramia include?

A

myriapods and hexapods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are characteristics of Uniramia?

A

well-defined head, single pair of antennae, and a tracheal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

T/F Insects share a closer affinity with myriapods than crustaceans.

A

False-closer affinity with crustaceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are phylogenies?

A

hypotheses about evolutionary relationships among organisms, and subject to falsification and revision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are trilobites?

A

extinct; had a chitinous exoskeleton, segmentation, and paired jointed appendages, well-developed compound eyes similar to those of insects; abundant and widely distributed in Paleozoic seas from the lower Permian to Cambrian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What organisms are chelicerates?

A

spiders, harvestman, scorpions, mites, ticks, and horseshoe crabs, among others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How are chelicerates’ bodies divided?

A

2 tagmata: cephalothorax and abdomen

30
Q

What are features of chelicerates?

A

lack mandibles for chewing, first pair of appendages called chelicerae are feeding appendages adapted for seeing and tearing, second pair of appendages called pedipalps serve as sensory role, remaining four appendages are walking legs, lack antennae

31
Q

What are characteristics of Class Xiphosura?

A

horseshoe crabs; member of an ancient lineage of chelicerates, “living fossils”, bottom-dwelling marine organisms feed on mollusks, annelids, and dead fish, abundant on east coast of N. America

32
Q

What are characteristics of Class Arachnida?

A

includes spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks, as well as many less familiar taxa; includes all living terrestrial chelicerates; have 2 magmata, spiders and mites make up 80%

33
Q

What is different for the tagmata of scorpions and their relatives?

A

abdomen is segmented and subdivided into a pre- and post-abdomen

34
Q

What are spinnerets? Which Order have this?

A

silk-spinning appendages located on posterior abdomen; Order Araneae

35
Q

Are spiders carnivorous?

A

yes

36
Q

What are the chelicerae equipped with?

A

poison glands; cause immobilization in prey

37
Q

What organisms belong to Order Opiliones?

A

daddy longlegs or harvestman; not spiders

38
Q

Do opiliones produce silk or poison?

A

no and do not bite

39
Q

What are characteristics of Order Acari?

A

mites and ticks most diverse order of arachnids; generally small and lack obvious tagmata and segmentation

40
Q

What are differences between ticks and mites?

A

mites smaller and softer-bodied than ticks, ticks tough and leathery; mites free-living, some parasitic on humans, domesticated animals, and crops; ticks are parasitic and responsible for transmission of diseases

41
Q

What are characteristics of crustaceans?

A

possess mandibles (jaw-like appendages), at least one pair of antennae; gill-breathing mandibulate and some lack respiratory system altogether, 2 pairs antennae on head and pair of appendages on each body segment, some appendages are biramous (two-branched)

42
Q

What organisms include crustaceans?

A

crabs, shrimps, crayfishes, lobsters, isopods, copepods, barnacles, among others

43
Q

What is the carapace?

A

covers cephalothorax

44
Q

What conceals the gills?

A

branchiostegites

45
Q

What does bifurcate mean?

A

split into two branches

46
Q

T/F The abdomen of crustaceans is made up of 6 segments?

A

True

47
Q

Where are swimmerets on crustaceans?

A

first five segments

48
Q

What does the sixth segment form?

A

telson

49
Q

What do the myriapods include?

A

chilopods and diplopods

50
Q

What are characteristics of myriapods?

A

2 tagmata (head and trunk), head bears single pair of antennae, trunk bears paired appendages on all but terminal segment

51
Q

What are characteristics of Class Chilopoda?

A

centipeds active predators with poison fangs; each segment of trunk bears single pair of legs; between 15 and 191 pairs of legs, always an odd number

52
Q

What are characteristics of Class Diplopoda?

A

secretive, nocturnal detrivores; generally long and cylindrical; segments bear 2 pairs of legs, no more than 710 legs

53
Q

What organisms belong to Hexapods?

A

insects; wingless: Collembola (springtails, snowfleas), Protura, and Diplura

54
Q

What are characteristics of insects?

A

3 tagmata (head, thorax and abdomen), 3 pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and tracheal system, 2 pairs of wings

55
Q

What are apterygotes?

A

wingless

56
Q

What are the 3 segments of the thorax?

A

prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax

57
Q

What is a tympanum?

A

hearing organ located on each side of first abdominal segment

58
Q

What are malphigian tubules?

A

filter for removing nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph

59
Q

What is the exoskeleton of insects like and what’s unique?

A

tough, non-living outer cuticle that does not grow; growth by shedding exoskeleton periodically

60
Q

What is another term for molting?

A

ecdysis

61
Q

What are instars?

A

stages between molting

62
Q

What is ametabolous development?

A

restricted to apterygotes, little physical change

63
Q

What is hemimetabolous development?

A

more complex; juveniles (nymphs) share general appearance and feeding habits of adult but lack functional wings and external genitalia; undergo incomplete metamorphosis (no dramatic changes in body-form during development, have wing buds

64
Q

What insects undergo hemimetabolous?

A

Odonata (dragonflies), Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets), Hemiptera (true bugs), and Homoptera (cicadas, aphid)

65
Q

What is holometabolous development?

A

juveniles called larvae differ radically in appearance from adults and have different feeding habits; enter resting, non-feeding stage called pupa which animal’s tissues completely reorganize into adult form; undergo complete metamorphosis; larvae do not possess wing buds

66
Q

What insects undergo holometabolous development?

A

Diptera (flies), Lepidoptera (butterflies, moths), Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants), and Coleoptera (beetles)

67
Q

T/F In dragonflies, wings stay erect and do not fold.

A

True

68
Q

What are characteristics of Hemiptera?

A

diamond-shaped membrane, sucking mouthparts, tent-like wings

69
Q

What are characteristics of Diptera?

A

hind wings modified into stubby balance organs called halters, single pair of wings for flight

70
Q

What are characteristics of Hymenoptera?

A

narrow joint of thorax and abdomen, 2 pairs wings, can look like flies

71
Q

What are characteristics of Coleoptera?

A

have hard structures called elytra; hindwings used in flight and folded and protected beneath elytra, no triangle

Biology 192 Lab (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions