Chapter 10: Managing Project Quality Flashcards

Core Topics: Quality Planning, Quality Assurance, Quality Control, and Continuous Improvement.

1
Q

What is the Project Quality Management process?

A

Project Quality Management ensures that the project will satisfy the needs for which it was undertaken, focusing on the quality of deliverables and the processes used to produce them.

Το Project Quality Management είναι η διαδικασία διασφάλισης ότι το έργο ικανοποιεί τις απαιτήσεις ποιότητας. Περιλαμβάνει τρία κύρια στάδια:

Plan Quality Management: Σχεδιασμός για τον καθορισμό των προτύπων ποιότητας και των μεθόδων επίτευξής τους.
Manage Quality: Εφαρμογή διαδικασιών για να διασφαλιστεί ότι ακολουθούνται τα πρότυπα ποιότητας.
Control Quality: Παρακολούθηση και έλεγχος των παραδοτέων για να επαληθευτεί η συμμόρφωση με τα πρότυπα ποιότητας.

Στόχος είναι η συνεχής βελτίωση και η παράδοση προϊόντων υψηλής ποιότητας.

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2
Q

What is Plan Quality Management?

A

Plan Quality Management is the process of identifying quality requirements and standards for the project and its deliverables, and documenting how the project will meet these standards.

Το Plan Quality Management είναι η διαδικασία σχεδιασμού που καθορίζει τα πρότυπα ποιότητας και τις απαιτήσεις που πρέπει να πληροί το έργο.

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3
Q

What is the Cost of Quality (COQ)?

A

COQ refers to the total cost of ensuring quality, including costs for prevention, appraisal, and failure (internal and external).

Το Cost of Quality (COQ) είναι το συνολικό κόστος για να διασφαλιστεί η ποιότητα του έργου. Περιλαμβάνει:

  1. Prevention costs (Κόστη πρόληψης): Δραστηριότητες για την αποφυγή ελαττωμάτων.
  2. Appraisal costs (Κόστη αξιολόγησης): Έλεγχοι και δοκιμές για την ανίχνευση ελαττωμάτων.
  3. Failure costs (Κόστη αποτυχίας): Κόστη από ελαττώματα εσωτερικά (Πριν την παράδοση) και εξωτερικά (Μετά την παράδοση (εγγυήσεις , επιστροφές)).

Στόχος είναι να ελαχιστοποιηθεί το κόστος αποτυχίας μέσω επενδύσεων σε πρόληψη και αξιολόγηση.

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4
Q

What is Manage Quality (also known as Quality Assurance)?

A

Manage Quality ensures that quality standards are being followed during the project, by conducting audits and process evaluations.

Το Manage Quality (ή Quality Assurance) είναι η διαδικασία που διασφαλίζει ότι οι διαδικασίες και τα πρότυπα ποιότητας ακολουθούνται κατά την εκτέλεση του έργου.

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4
Q

What is Control Quality?

A

Control Quality is the process of monitoring and recording the results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend changes.

Το Control Quality είναι η διαδικασία παρακολούθησης και ελέγχου των παραδοτέων για να διασφαλιστεί ότι πληρούν τις προδιαγραφές ποιότητας. Περιλαμβάνει επιθεωρήσεις, δοκιμές και μετρήσεις για τον εντοπισμό ελαττωμάτων και την επιβεβαίωση της συμμόρφωσης με τα πρότυπα.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of quality audits?

A

Quality audits are structured reviews of the project processes to ensure they comply with organizational policies and standards.

Ο σκοπός των quality audits είναι να αξιολογήσουν αν οι διαδικασίες ποιότητας που εφαρμόζονται στο έργο ακολουθούνται σωστά και είναι αποτελεσματικές. Εντοπίζουν περιοχές για βελτίωση και διασφαλίζουν τη συμμόρφωση με τα πρότυπα και τις πολιτικές του οργανισμού.

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6
Q

What is a control chart?

A

A control chart is a statistical tool used to monitor project performance and control processes by displaying upper and lower control limits.

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6
Q

What is a cause-and-effect diagram (also known as a fishbone or Ishikawa diagram)?

A

A cause-and-effect diagram helps identify the root causes of defects or problems by organizing potential causes into categories.

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7
Q

What is the Rule of Seven in quality control?

A

The Rule of Seven states that if seven or more consecutive data points fall on one side of the mean, the process is out of control and needs investigation.

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8
Q

What is a Pareto chart?

A

A Pareto chart is a bar chart that helps identify the most significant factors contributing to a problem, based on the Pareto principle (80/20 rule).

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9
Q

What is a scatter diagram in quality management?

A

A scatter diagram is a graph that shows the relationship between two variables to determine if they are correlated.

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10
Q

What is the Pareto principle (80/20 rule)?

A

The Pareto principle states that 80% of problems are caused by 20% of the issues, helping prioritize the most impactful areas for improvement.

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11
Q

What is the DMAIC cycle in Six Sigma?

A

DMAIC stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control, and is used to improve processes and eliminate defects.

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11
Q

What is a histogram?

A

A histogram is a bar graph used to represent the frequency distribution of a set of data points, helping identify patterns or variations in the process.

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12
Q

What is a flowchart used for in quality management?

A

A flowchart is a visual representation of a process, used to identify inefficiencies, bottlenecks, or areas for improvement.

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13
Q

What is Six Sigma in quality management?

A

Six Sigma is a methodology focused on improving quality by reducing defects and process variability through data-driven decision-making.

14
Q

What is total quality management (TQM)?

A

TQM is a management philosophy that emphasizes continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement to achieve long-term success.

15
Q

What is Kaizen?

A

Kaizen is a Japanese term meaning “continuous improvement,” and refers to a systematic approach to making incremental changes to processes.

16
Q

What are quality metrics?

A

Quality metrics are specific measurements used to assess the quality of project deliverables and processes, such as defect density or cycle time.

17
Q

What is the role of a quality management plan?

A

The quality management plan outlines how the project team will implement quality policies and standards to ensure the deliverables meet customer expectations.

18
Q

What is benchmarking in quality management?

A

Benchmarking involves comparing project practices, processes, and performance metrics to industry best practices to identify areas for improvement.

19
Q

What is statistical sampling?

A

Statistical sampling involves selecting a subset of data from the entire population to measure quality or performance without analyzing every data point.

20
Q

What is the purpose of inspection in quality management?

A

Inspection is the process of examining deliverables or work products to ensure they meet the required standards and specifications.

21
Q

What is a quality baseline?

A

The quality baseline is the approved version of quality standards and metrics, which is used as a basis for monitoring and controlling quality.

22
Q

What is continuous improvement?

A

Continuous improvement is an ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes by making incremental or breakthrough changes.

23
Q

What is BATNA?

A

Το BATNA (Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement) είναι η καλύτερη εναλλακτική λύση που έχεις αν οι διαπραγματεύσεις αποτύχουν να καταλήξουν σε συμφωνία. Χρησιμοποιείται για να καθορίσεις το όριο μέχρι το οποίο είσαι διατεθειμένος να διαπραγματευτείς και να καταλάβεις πότε είναι προτιμότερο να αποχωρήσεις από τις διαπραγματεύσεις.

24
Q

What is Fait accompli?

A

Το Fait accompli είναι μια στρατηγική διαπραγμάτευσης όπου μια πλευρά παρουσιάζει κάτι ως ήδη ολοκληρωμένο γεγονός, αφήνοντας την άλλη πλευρά με περιορισμένες επιλογές για να το αποδεχτεί. Στόχος είναι να κερδηθεί πλεονέκτημα στη συζήτηση, υπονοώντας ότι δεν υπάρχει περιθώριο αλλαγής ή διαπραγμάτευσης.