Chapter 1-6 Pharmacology Exam

Question 1

Enteral Medications

Answer 1

absorbed in the systemic circulation through oral, gastric mucosa and small intestines

Question 2

Examples of Enteral Medications

Answer 2

-sublingual (under the tongue)
-oral
-buccal (cheeks)
-rectal (can be topical)

Question 3

Parental Medications

Answer 3

Intravenous which is the fastest delivery in circulation

-IM
-SubQ
-Intradermal

Question 4

What are the forms of drugs?

Answer 4

Solids: powders, tablets, capsules

Liquids: solutions and suspensions

Question 5

Fastest to slowest absorption of drugs

Answer 5

buccal
suspensions solutions
powders
capsules
tablets
coated tablets
enteric-coated tablets

Question 6

Where does metabolization of drugs mostly take place?

Answer 6

Liver (hepatic)

others are kidneys, lungs, blood, intestines

Question 7

Where does excretion of drugs mostly take place?

Answer 7

kidney (renal)

Question 8

Peak level

Answer 8

highest blood level of a drug

Question 9

When do you check peak levels of drugs?

Answer 9

30 mins after administering medication

Question 10

Trough level

Answer 10

lowest blood level of a drug

Question 11

When do you check trough levels?

Answer 11

before giving the next dose of medication

Question 12

Therapeutic index

Answer 12

high = wide safety range, no need to check

low = small safety range, check routinely

Question 13

Palliative therapy

Answer 13

helps relieve pain and symptoms that is caused by a disease

Question 14

Maintenance therapy

Answer 14

prevents progression of a disease/chronic illness and is given on a daily basis

Question 15

Empiric therapy

Answer 15

also known as prophylactic

prevents illnesses when conditions have a high likelihood of occurence based on symptoms the pt has

Question 16

Supplemental therapy

Answer 16

supplies the body with substance that is needed to maintain normal function because the body can’t make it or does not make enough of it

ex: iron deficiency/diabetics

Question 17

Drug tolerance

Answer 17

decreasing response to a repeated drug

Question 18

Drug dependence

Answer 18

physiologic or psychologic need for a drug

Question 19

Physical dependence

Answer 19

physiologic or psychologic need for a drug to avoid physical withdrawal symptoms

Question 20

Psychological dependence

Answer 20

addiction/obsessive desire for euphoric effects of a drug

Question 21

Additive effects

Answer 21

combined effects of 2 drugs given together is the same as each drug you give alone in similar doses

Question 22

Antagonistic effects

Answer 22

occurs when the effect of one drug is decreased or blocked if you give it with another drug

Question 23

Synergistic effects

Answer 23

occurs when the effect of one drug is greater if you give it with another drug

Question 24

Incompatibility of a drug

Answer 24

2 drugs that have a reaction when mixed/given together which results in a chemical deterioration of at least one of the drugs`

Question 25

Autonomy

Answer 25

ability to make own decision
-promote pt decision/support informed consent

Question 26

Veracity

Answer 26

to tell the truth even if a mistake was made

Question 27

Beneficence

Answer 27

promoting/doing good

Question 28

Nonmaleficence

Answer 28

duty to do no harm

Question 29

Breach of duty

Answer 29

breached duty through actions/inactions such as not noticing the IV site is swollen

Question 30

Causation

Answer 30

breach caused damage/injury such as a nurse failing to notice something that resulted in the patient need a skin graft

Question 31

Damage

Answer 31

pt was harmed/injured and it can’t be reversed such as skin/nerve damage resulting in limited use of arm

Question 32

Drug polymorphism

Answer 32

how the same drug can have different responses in different people

Question 33

Adverse drug events

Answer 33

when someone was harmed by medicine, any undesirable occurrence related to administration of or failure to administer a prescribed medication

Question 34

Allergic reaction vs idiosyncratic reaction

Answer 34

AR: often predictable

Idiosyncratic: unpredictable, abnormal/unexpected response to a medication

Question 35

Affective domain

Answer 35

“feeling domain”
expresses feelings, needs, beliefs, values, opinions

Question 36

Psychomotor domain

Answer 36

“doing domain”
learning a new procedure or skill

Question 37

Cognitive domain

Answer 37

“learning/thinking domain”
level where basic knowledge is learned and stored, includes a persons previous experience

Question 38

Pharmaceutics

Answer 38

science of preparing and dispensing drugs

Question 39

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 39

study of what the drug does to the body
biochemical/ physiologic interactions of drugs at there sites of activity

Question 40

Pharmacoeconomics

Answer 40

study of economic factors effecting the cost of drug therapy

Question 41

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 41

study of the influence of genetic factors of drug response that result in the absence, overabundance, or insufficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes

Question 42

Pharmacognosy

Answer 42

study of drugs that are obtained natural plant/animal sources

Question 43

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 43

what happens to the drug from the time it is put into the body until all drug has left the body
-absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 44

Pharmacotherapeutic

Answer 44

treatment of pathologic conditions through drugs

Question 45

Prototypical drug

Answer 45

first form of drug, or first in a class of drugs, also called “key drugs”

Question 46

What are the four main sources of drugs?

Answer 46

plants
animals
minerals
laboratory synthesis

Question 47

Near miss

Answer 47

situation that did not produce a pt injury only by luck, the outcome did not occur

Question 48

Close call

Answer 48

situation that took place but was identified before reaching the pt, took place but was fixed before getting worse