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building construction > chapter 1 > Flashcards

chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Buildings may appear different or be camouflaged to look similar despite differences in

A

Age, configurations and construction material pg. 11

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2
Q

Newer Buildings may use technology that may not be fully

A

Tested or include unexpected hazards

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3
Q

Building construction process may take weeks or years and require may resources including

A

legal expertise
technical knowledge
financial resources
management skills
creative talent
pg.12

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4
Q

Reasons behind building design features may shift with

A

Time, availability and utility
pg.12

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5
Q

the use of a single Org to design/build a facility to minimize risk for project owners

A

design build
12

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6
Q

Guidline applied to basic units of projects that cause the item to work together as a unified, completely finished item that services a purrs w/inbest parameters

A

design principles 13

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7
Q

a set of rules developed by a standard org and adopted as law by Gov’t body to regulate min requirements for construction

A

building code
13

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8
Q

engineering Doc may include

A

land survey
preliminary budget
soil test pg. 14

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9
Q

fire protection engineering

A

sprinklers
standpipes
fire alarm
smoke control
building code compliance 14

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10
Q

during Inspection the following building features may be tested for function and compliance with standard and codes

A

materials ( concrete)
systems (fire pump)
components ( emergency generators) 16

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11
Q

Building depart should watch for any potentially dangerous changes including :

A

removal of penetration beam

mods to beams/trusses

overload of roofs

creation of mezzanine floors in attic

rooftop additions
remodeling or overloading that causes extreme hazards
subdivision of existing space that creates maze like floors p.17

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12
Q

Most widely used model of building code in U.S is

A

international building code ibc p. 18

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13
Q

Most prominent occupational safety regs come from

A

osha and nfpa p.19

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14
Q

who maintains a national map that indicates location and frequency of fire fatalities

A

U.S. Fire Admin p.19

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15
Q

occupant safety must be considered in the following areas ?

A

design of stairs
balcony railiings
overhead obstacles
electrical systems
elevator operations
p.19

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16
Q

life safety considerations for first responders and public during structural incident

A

annunciator panels should be easily view front of entrance

standpipe connection should work w/ FD equipment

Generator systems must have switch that take circuits off line

air handling units that recirculate interior air must address air quality during incident
p.19-20

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17
Q

Type 1-5 Building construction

A

1- fire resistive
2- protected noncombustible
3- exterior protected ( masonry or ordinary ) 4- Heavy timber
5- wood frame
pg. 20

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18
Q

total quantity of combustible contents of a building, space or fire area `

A

fire load p.20

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19
Q

total amount of heat produced or released to atmosphere from the convective lift phase of former

A

heat release rate p.20

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20
Q

federal statute intended to remove barriers, physical and otherwise, that limits access by individuals w/disabilites

A

Americana w/ disabilities act

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21
Q

space protected from fire in normal means of egress (sprinklers) . temp place to wait for assistance during fire

A

area of refuge p.20

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22
Q

a general rule , greater quantities of fuel or highly volatile fuels will generate higher ?

A

heat release rate p.21

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23
Q

building elements altered to improve access

A

entrance
parking /passenger loading zone
elevtors
alarms
means of egress
p.20

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24
Q

areas of refuge include

A

stairways landing in smoel proof enclosures

balcony located adjacent to exterior stairs

protected vestibule adjacent to an exit enclosure

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25
Q

building that defy conventional planning and may require special resources in case of emergency

A

golden gate bridge
willis tower ( sears tower_
st. louis gatway arch
p.22

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26
Q

type of foundation used will be determined partially by

A

soil strength , resistance to strain and stability
p.22

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27
Q

natural and developed terrain features that may complicate access by emergency responders include

A

steep slopes
rivers
landscaping
narrow roadways
setbacks
security barriers
p.23

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28
Q

other buildings site factors that influence the overall building height and practicality of below grade sales include

A

level of water table

front line

presence or absence of a soil bedrock layer
p.23

29
Q

configuration of a building refers to

A

shape or layout p.23

30
Q

Automative fire protection system , especially automatic one is what ?

A

1st line of defense in many building s
p.23

31
Q

Factors that influence a buildings condition at any given time ?

A

older codes
materials
construction methods
maintenance over time p. 25

32
Q

ex. of factors that may require maintenance over time include ?

A

physical systems such as electrical wiring heating plant

exterior proteins from weather roofs

settling foundations
p.25

33
Q

whats buildings were often designed w/ greater structural mass than absolutely nessary ?

A

computer aided design ( CAD ) 25

34
Q

older properties undergo extensively rehabilitation to satisfy desires of modern real estate

A

gentrification p.26

35
Q

effort to increase energy efficiency of structures and their components materials is known as

A

green design p. 26

36
Q

When doors an windows are tightly fitted the flow of air ro fire is reduced which results in

A

fire during in an oxygen poor environment
( may result in fire burning self out ) p.26

37
Q

more likely to fail under fire due to engineered to be engerny efficient

A

green design .26

38
Q

A Primary Hazard with green design is ?

A

Tendency of components to increase combustibiliy of overall building

39
Q

Green construction is designed to be more what efficient ? which makes they more likely to fail in fire conditions

A

energy and material

40
Q

process od restoring rundown or deteriorated properties by more affluent PP

A

Gentrification

41
Q

Ex of building used for specific use

A

fire station, grain silos, airplane hanger , movie theater

42
Q

what is essential consideration in design of fire protection

A

water availability.27

43
Q

Fire loss MNGT is systematic and includes many factors including

A

Life safety, engineering and administrative controls to protect community resources

44
Q

Before a fire, loss MNGT activities will

A

Min risk preset in specific occupancy classification

Identify violations in Business behavior

45
Q

During and after fire, loss MNGT activities will

A

eliminate chance that a fire will reignite in structure

reduce time needed to reopen business

create goodwill for FD in Community

MIN financial loss for owners, occupant, insurance and community

46
Q

When buildings are constructed without known occupants, they are referred to as

A

Spec Building

47
Q

Exs of Spec Building

A

office plaza, malls, light industrial building
condos
p.29

48
Q

art of building design

A

aesthetics

49
Q

whats frequently clashes with fire

A

aesthetics p.30

50
Q

large uncontrollable fire covering large areas

A

conflagrations

51
Q

movement of fire from 1 material ( source ) to another ( exposure)

A

fire spread

52
Q

heat transfer through 2 methods ?

A

convention and thermal radiation

condition is a 3rd method but not usually considered a factor

53
Q

Transfer of heat energy through movement of hot smoke and fire goes

A

convection

54
Q

Transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic waves

A

Thermal radiations p,31

55
Q

Any number of surfaces that may ignited or damaged by heat of an external fire

A

exposure

56
Q

known Ways fire spreads to an exposed building includes

A

vents pull in flames

Opening like doors allow conventions currents to enter structure

roof materials ignite ( convention)

sideing materials ( convention or radiant heat)

windows allow radiant heat to start fire directly inside

structures or fire loads placed in close profanity

lack of fire protection

57
Q

3 levels of exposure

A

light , moderate or severe

58
Q

fire Protection methods use to protect buildings from exposing fires include

A

clearing space b/tw buildings

Height limits/ area of combustible construction

eliminating /reducing space in walls

59
Q

fire retardant /suppression systems

A

sprinkler systems ,
fire retardant

distribution systems

auto outside deluge systems

60
Q

Passive barriers

A

self supporting walls b/tw fire building and exposure

blank walls of noncombustible construction p.32

Parapets on exert masonry walls

wire glass in steel sash windows

61
Q

Active Barriers

A

Auto fire shutters or dampers on walls opening
auto fire doors on door opening p.33

62
Q

building codes are limited in their scope because

A

can’t address every issue that will arise

political processes , coping interest and economic priorities

only provide a baseline level of protection
p.35

63
Q

Occupancy type, industrial processes , Haz Mat in area, location/function of fire protection systems , building access routes and utilities should be included in what ?

A

Pre-incident planning

64
Q

Computer Based software app that relates physical features on the earth to a database to be used for mapping and analysis.

A

Geographic info systems ( GIS)

65
Q

what provides a means for determining exact locations for critical building elements such as foundation and structural steel

A

GIS

66
Q

A Jurisdictions GIS can potentially provide tools for function including

A

Eval Department performance

dispatch emergency response

code enforcement

zoning and taxing

67
Q

there are only 3 primary strategies in fore incidents which are ?

A

offensive, defensive and transitional

68
Q

Offensive Strategies address

A

Life hazards

structural stability

risk/benefit outweigh

69
Q

defensive strategies address

A

volume of fire

structural deterioration

risk ( risk outweigh benefits )

structural constions

building construction (12 decks)

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