Chap 9

Question 1

OPA

Answer 1

Oropharyngeal

Question 2

Proper way to insert OPA in infant or child

Answer 2

Use a tongue depressor and slide OPA straight in versus the 180 degree method

Question 3

Lower airway

Answer 3

Below the larynx and is composed of the trachea, bronchial passages and the alveoli

Question 4

What happens when you put the yankauer to far down the pharynx

Answer 4

It might hit the vagus nerve in the back of the pharynx which can slow the heart rate

Question 5

Acute vs Chronic airway problems

Answer 5

Acute- Foreign bodies, blood, vomit

Chronic- Usually lower airway (Bronchitis)

Question 6

Airway primary assessment

Answer 6

• Is the airway open?
• Is the patient able to speak?
• Look
• Listen
• Feel
• Will the airway stay open?
• Are there potential threats that may develop later?

Question 7

Anatomic children considerations

Answer 7

• Mouth and nose are smaller
• tongues are proportionally bigger
• trachea is softer and more flexible
• trachea is narrower and easily obstructed by swelling
• chest wall is softer which makes them depend more on diaphragm breathing
• infants require neutral neck position
• children slight extension of the neck
• use a rigid tip for children and infants

Question 8

Rigid pharyngeal tip (suction tip)

Answer 8

Yankauer,
tonsil sucker
Tonsil tip suction

Question 9

Airway blockage signs

Answer 9

Gurgling
gasping
crowing
wheezing
snoring
stridor
Inability to talk

Question 10

Techniques of suction

Answer 10

Appropriate PPE
No longer than 10 secs(causes hypoxia)
Don’t put in farther than you can see
Suction on the way out 
Suction is best on your side

Question 11

Sniffing position

Answer 11

upright position with their head pitched forward as if they were attempting to smell something

Question 12

Different parts of a suction machine

Answer 12

Tubing
suction tip or catheters,
collection containers
Container of clean or sterile water

Question 13

laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

Answer 13

the structure surrounding the entrance to the trachea

Question 14

Stridor

Answer 14

high-pitched sound generated from partially obstructed airflow in the upper airway

Question 15

NPA

Answer 15

Nasopharyngeal

Question 16

bronchoconstriction or bronchospasm

Answer 16

• the contraction of the smooth muscle that lines the bronchial passages that result in a decreased internal diameter of the airway and increased resistance to airflow
• Ex. Asthma

Question 17

2 different ways of opening airway

Answer 17

• Head-tilt, chin-lift

- Jaw-thrust

Question 18

Special considerations for suction

Answer 18

• Facial injuries
  
  • Suction for blood might need to be frequent
• Obstructions
  
  • Objects to big for suction might need manual removal
• Dental appliances
  
  • Leave in place unless it endangers airway

Question 19

Carina

Answer 19

trachea branches at the carina and forms two main-stem bronchi

Question 20

Nasal Flaring

Answer 20

widening of the nostrils of the nose with respirations. May be present, especially in infants and children

Question 21

Gag reflex

Answer 21

vomiting or retching that results when something is placed in the back of the pharynx. This is tied to shallow reflex

Question 22

Two ways to measure adjuncts

Answer 22

• Corner of the patients mouth to the tip of the earlobe

- center of the patients mouth to the angle of the lower jaw bone

Question 23

2 important considerations of assessing airways

Answer 23

“Is the airway open”? and “will the airway stay open”?

Question 24

Retractions

Answer 24

Children have a pulling in of the muscles above the clavicles and between and below the ribs

Question 25

Rules for using a Airway adjunct

Answer 25

-No gag reflex
-Open the patients airway manually
-Don’t push tongue in with adjunct
-Have suction ready prior to inserting adjunct
-If patient regains consciousness or develops a gag reflex, remove adjunct
-Maintain head-tilt, chin-lift or jaw thrust while adjunct is in place
Use infection control practices

Question 26

Suction system minimums

Answer 26

at least 30 liters a minute air intake and vacuum no less than 300mmHg when the tube is clamped

Question 27

Flexible suction catheter sizes

Answer 27

French, larger the number, larger the catheter