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Emergency care 13th edition > Chap 16 > Flashcards

Chap 16 Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

Pharmacology

A

the study of drugs, their sources, their characteristics, and their effect

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2
Q

EMTs are allowed to administer what drugs?

A

Aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, and activated charcoal

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3
Q

Aspirin

A
  • chest pain of a suspected cardiac origin
  • aspirin reduces the blood’s ability to clot and works to prevent the clot formation that causes damage to the heart
  • chewable children’s aspirin
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4
Q

Oral glucose

A

Glucose is a kind of sugar

  • Taken by mouth of a conscious patient (who is able to swallow) with an altered mental status and a history of diabetes
  • comes in a tube of gel
  • Applied to a tongue depressor and placed between the patients cheek and gum or under the tongue
  • low blood sugar effects the brain and causes the altered mental status
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5
Q

Oxygen

A

Used to treat patients with hypoxia or danger of hypoxia

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6
Q

Activated charcoal

A
  • Powder form that’s prepared from charred wood, usually premixed with water to form a slurry for use in the field
  • Used to treat poisoning or overdose when a substance is swallowed and is in the patients digestive tract
  • Charcoal binds itself to the poison and helps prevent them from being absorbed by the bod
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7
Q

Drugs EMT’s may assist patient with

A

Bronchodilators
Nitroglycerin
Epinephrine

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8
Q

Epinephrine

A

-Constricts the blood vessels and relax airway passages
-Used for highly allergic reactions
Different auto-injectors
-Epi-pen
- Auvi-Q- has voice commands
-Twinject- has 2 doses of epinephrine

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9
Q

Atomizer

A

a device attached to the end of a syringe that atomize medication (turns into very fine droplets)

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10
Q

Naloxone

-Brand Narcan

A
  • reserves effects of narcotics but for very short periods
  • atomized into the nose
  • Coats the opiod receptor
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11
Q

Force protection medicines

A

atropine in auto-injectors

-used to treat responders in the event of a chemical attack

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12
Q

3 types of names every drug has

A
  • Generic name, Ex. Epinephrine
  • Trade (Brand) name, Ex. Epi-pen
  • Chemical name Ex. B-(3,4 dihydroxyphenyl)
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13
Q

Indication

A

specific signs, symptoms, or circumstances under which it is appropriate to administer the drug to a patient

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14
Q

Contraindications

A

specific signs, symptoms, or circumstances under which it is not appropriate and may be harmful to administer the drug to a patient

Ex. nitroglycerin shouldn’t be given to a patient that has low blood pressure due to nitroglycerin dilating blood vessels and will drop their blood pressure too low. Also shouldn’t be given to patients that recently taken Viagra because of possible serious negative interactions

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15
Q

side effects

A

action of a drug other than the desired action

Ex. Nitroglycerin relieves chest pain but lowers blood pressure at the same time

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16
Q

untoward effects

A

Effects that are not only unexpected but also potentially harmful

Ex. nausea, vomiting,

17
Q

Different forms of medications

A
  • Compressed powders or tablets
  • Liquids for use outside the digestive tract such as in an injection. This route is called parenteral and refers to bypassing the digestive system
  • liquids taken orally. known as the enteral route that uses the digestive tract
  • Liquids that vaporize such as a fixed-dose nebulizer
  • Gels
  • Suspension such as the thick slurry of activated charcoal in water
  • Fine powder for inhalation
  • Gases for inhalation
  • Sublingual sprays (under the tongue), such as nitro
18
Q

2 ways that authorizes administration of medications

A
  1. Off-line medical direction

2. Online medical direction

19
Q

The 5 rights

A
  1. Right patient
  2. Right medication
  3. Right dose
  4. Right route
    5 Right time
20
Q

Routes of administration

A
  • Oral or swallowed
  • Sublingual
  • Inhaled or breathed in
  • Intranasal or sprayed into nostrils
  • Intravenous
  • Intramuscular
  • Subcutaneous
  • Intraosseous
  • Endotracheal
21
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

the study of the effects of medication on the body

22
Q

Age and weight considerations

A
  • smaller, lighter, pediatric patients require less

- geriatric patient will have hard time eliminating medications and therefore feel the effects longer

23
Q

Reassessment and documentation

A

Reassess patient after administrating and clearly document the medications you have administered using the 5 R’s

24
Q

Other medications often taken

A

Dilantin- control seizures
Codeine- for pain
Inderal- for a heart rhythm disorder
Advair- Asthma

25
Q

2 types of IV therapy

A

Traditional IV bag

heparin or saline lock

26
Q

Traditional IV bag

A
  • Drip bag
    • Micro drip or Macro drip. Bigger the number, smaller the flow
  • Flow regulator
  • Drug or needle port
27
Q

Saline lock or Heparin

A

catheter placed in vein with small cap or lock protruding out of skin that contains a port for medication or access for saline

28
Q

KVO rate

A

“Keep vein open” KVO rate varies about 30 drops a minute for a micro drip and 10 drops per minute for a macro drip
-insufficient flow can cause blood to clot in catheter

29
Q

Runaway IV

A

Flow rate too fast and can rapidly overload the patient with fluids and cause serious problems especially in an infant or child

30
Q

Infiltrated vein

A

punctured vein and exited the other side or has pulled out of the vein

31
Q

Danger of High concentrated dose in IV

A

Cause the death of the surrounding tissue (such as 50 percent dextrose)

32
Q

Bronchodilator inhalers

A
  • Patients that have difficulty breathing such as asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis
  • designed to enlarge constricted bronchial tubes
  • Examples- Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil, Volmax), and Levalbuterol (Xopenex)

Side effects- Effects heart, increased heart rate and jitteriness

33
Q

Nitroglycerin

A
  • Patients with recurrent chest pain or a history of heart attack
  • Pill or spray form
  • Dilates coronary vessels
  • Call nitro or trade name of Nitrostat
  • Usually instructed to take up to 3 pills for chest pain
  • Contraindications- Recently taken ED meds like Sildenafil (Viagra), Vardenafil (Levitra), tadalafil (Cialis)

Emergency care 13th edition (32 decks)

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