Chap 28

Question 1

Axial skeleton

Answer 1

skull
ribs
spine
sternum

Question 2

appendicular skeleton

Answer 2

extremities

Question 3

Periosteum

Answer 3

strong, white, fibrous material covering bones

Question 4

General bone classification

Answer 4

Long, short, flat, and irregular

Question 5

Pectoral girdles

Answer 5

Clavicle

Scapula

Question 6

Upper extremities

Answer 6

Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 7

Pelvic girdles

Answer 7

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

Question 8

Lower extremities

Answer 8

Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals 
Phalanges

Question 9

Mechanisms of musculoskeletal injury

Answer 9

Direct force
Indirect force
Twisting or rotational forces

Question 10

Comminuted fracture

Answer 10

a fracture in which the bone is broken in several places

Question 11

Greenstick fracture

Answer 11

an incomplete fracture

Question 12

Angulated fracture

Answer 12

broken bone segments are at an angle to each other

Question 13

Sprain

Answer 13

stretching and tearing of ligaments

Question 14

Strain

Answer 14

Muscle injury resulting from overstretching or overexertion of the muscle

Question 15

Closed bone extremity injury

Answer 15

an injury to an extremity with no associated opening to the skin

Question 16

Open extremity injury

Answer 16

an extremity injury in which the skin has been broken or torn through from the inside by an injured or from the outside by something that has caused a penetrating wound associated with injury to the bone

Question 17

Compartment syndrome

Answer 17

injury caused when tissue such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast

Question 18

Six P’s

Answer 18

Pain or tenderness
Pallor (pale skin or poor capillary refill)
Paresthesia, or the sensation of ‘pins and needles”
Pulses diminished or absent in the injured extremity
Paralysis or the inability to move
Pressure

Question 19

When to realign a broken bone

Answer 19

When angulated injuries to the tibia, fibula, femur, radius, ulna, or humerus cannot be fit into a rigid splint

Realign a long bone when the distal extremity is cyanotic or lacks pulses

Question 20

Manual traction

Answer 20

the process of applying tension to straighten and realign a fractured limb before splinting

Question 21

Traction splints two basic varieties

Answer 21

Bipolar- cradles the leg between two metal rods

Unipolar- has a single metal rod

Question 22

Types of Bipolar traction splints

Types of Unipolar traction splints

Answer 22

Bipolar- Firm traction should be applied
Half-ring splint
HARE
Fernotrac

Unipolar
Sager- Traction 10% percent of patients body weight not exceeding 15%
Kendrick

Question 23

Two straps on traction splints

Answer 23

Ischial strap- By groin

Ankle hitch

Question 24

Signs and symptoms of pelvic fractures

Answer 24

• Complaint of pain in the pelvis, hips, groin or back
• Painful when pressure is applied to the iliac crest or the pubic bone
• Complaint that the patient cannot lift his legs when lying on his back
• Foot on the injured side may turn outward (lateral rotation)
• Patient has an unexplained pressure on the urinary bladder and the feeling of having to empty the bladder
• Bleeding from the urethra, rectum, or vaginal opening in the setting of a high impact MOI

Question 25

Anterior hip dislocation

Answer 25

The patients entire lower limb is rotated outward and the hip is usually flexed

Question 26

Posterior hip dislocation

Answer 26

The patients leg is rotated inward, the hip is flexed and the knee is bent