chap 8- glossary

Question 1

autoantibody

Answer 1

Autoantibody- an antibody produced by a persons immune system that is directed against the persons own proteins.

Question 2

autoimmune disease

Answer 2

Autoimmune disease- a disease caused when a persons immune system mistakes self-cells and tissues as non-self and initiates an immune response against them.

Question 3

cancer

Answer 3

Cancer- uncontrolled abnormal division of cells that are not kept in check by the immune system and invade other areas of the body.

Question 4

carrier

Answer 4

Carrier- a person who does not show symptoms of a disease but can transmit the infection to others.

Question 5

endemic

Answer 5

Endemic- restricted or native to a certain locality.

Question 6

epidemic

Answer 6

Epidemic- the rapid spread of a disease across a number of countries.

Question 7

herd immunity

Answer 7

Herd immunity- when unvaccinated individuals are protected against a disease because a large number of people (between 60-95% depending on the disease) have been vaccinated, thereby making it unlikely that unvaccinated people will come in to contact with anyone suffering from the disease.

Question 8

hybridoma

Answer 8

Hybridoma- a cell involved in the production of large amounts of monoclonal antibodies.

Question 9

immunization

Answer 9

Immunization- the process of making a person immune to a disease through vaccination.

Question 10

immunotherapy

Answer 10

Immunotherapy- boosting the ability of a persons own immune system to fight cancer.

Question 11

infectivity

Answer 11

Infectivity- the ability of a pathogen to spread from one host to another host.

Question 12

Koch’s postulates

Answer 12

Koch’s postulates- a set of criteria to determine the causative agent of a disease.

Question 13

latent

Answer 13

not active

Question 14

monoclonal antibody

Answer 14

Monoclonal antibody- a laboratory-produced molecule that serves as a substitute antibody to fight cancerous cells.

Question 15

pandemic

Answer 15

Pandemic- the spread of a disease across the world.

Question 16

primary host

Answer 16

Primary host- an organism in which a pathogen reproduces.

Question 17

quarantine

Answer 17

Quarantine- restricting the mobility of person or persons to a certain area so they reduce contact with other people in order to stop the spread of a pathogen.

Question 18

secondary host

Answer 18

Secondary host- an organism in which the immature pathogen becomes mature.

Question 19

sporadic

Answer 19

Sporadic- seen infrequently in a small number of people.

Question 20

T-cell transfer therapy

Answer 20

T-cell transfer therapy- a therapy that boosts the ability of T cells to fight cancer cells.

Question 21

tumour

Answer 21

Tumour- a mass of abnormally growing cells.

Question 22

vaccination

Answer 22

Vaccination- the administration of a vaccine to protect someone from a disease.

Question 23

virulence

Answer 23

Virulence- the capacity of a pathogen to cause severe disease within its host.

Question 24

zoonotic

Answer 24

Zoonotic- describes a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.