chap 4- enzymes

Question 1

What are enzymes

Answer 1

Catalysts in biological pathways that can build molecules and speed up reactions.

Question 2

Why are enzymes essential for biological reactions

Answer 2

The reactions would be slow without them

Question 3

What is the key structural feature of enzymes

Answer 3

Active site which is where the enzyme interacts with substrate to catalase a reaction

Question 4

What is enzyme specific

Answer 4

Each enzyme can only catalase a particular reaction or a specific set of reactions

Question 5

What does the lock and key model assume

Answer 5

Active site is rigid and cannot change

Question 6

What is the lock and what is the key in the lock and key model

Answer 6

Enzyme is the lock. Substrate is the key.

Question 7

What does the induced fit model assume

Answer 7

Active site is flexible and can change shape to fit around substrate

Question 8

What is metabolism

Answer 8

A collection of all the biochemical reactions that occur in living years

Question 9

What is catalytic power

Answer 9

An enzymes ability to increase the rate of biochemical reactions compared to the reaction occurring without a present enzyme

Question 10

What is catabolism

Answer 10

Breaking down molecules that releases energy. Cellular respiration

Question 11

What does exergonic mean

Answer 11

Released energy

Question 12

What is anabolism

Answer 12

Building up molecules that required energy. Photosynthesis

Question 13

What is activation energy

Answer 13

Energy required to go from reactants to products

Question 14

What is inhibition

Answer 14

The binding of another component and change in the shape of a molecule that prevents molecule from functioning

Question 15

What is reversible inhibition

Answer 15

Hydrogen bonds being broken. Temporary

Question 16

What is irreversible inhibition

Answer 16

Covalent bonds are strong so hard to break. Permanent

Question 17

What is competitive inhibition

Answer 17

Two different molecules trying to bind to same spot. Inhibitor has similar shape so prevents substrate from accessing active site

Question 18

What is non-competitive inhibition

Answer 18

Inhibitor binds to Alister. Site which distorts the enzymes shape so substrate can’t bind to it and usually reaction can’t be catalysed

Question 19

what do all enzymes contain

Answer 19

a protein backbone

Question 20

what are cofactors

Answer 20

additional non-protein components that enzymes have that are important contributors to both the activity and stability of an enzyme.

Question 21

why are cofactors needed

Answer 21

for enzymes to function properly

Question 22

what are coenzymes

Answer 22

small, non-protein organic cofactors

Question 23

where do coenzymes commonly bind

Answer 23

to the active site of an enzyme. but this isnt always the case

Question 24

what do coenzymes play a crucial role in

Answer 24

transferring functional groups in enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Question 25

what is the unloaded form of a coenzyme

Answer 25

it has the ability to accept a proton, electron or chemical group.

Question 26

what is the loaded form of a coenzyme

Answer 26

the coenzyme that was once unloaded has accepted its considered loaded

Question 27

which of ATP and ADP is loaded and unloaded

Answer 27

ATP is loaded
ADP is unloaded

Question 28

what does ATP stand for

Answer 28

adenosine triphosphate

Question 29

what does ADP stand for

Answer 29

adenosine diphosphate

Question 30

what is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 30

turns ATP into ADP

Question 31

what does a hydrolysis reaction consume

Answer 31

water

Question 32

is a hydrolysis reaction exergonic

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

what is the key role of loading/unloading NADH and NAD+

Answer 33

to carry a hydrogen and electrons to the mitochondria

Question 34

what does NADPH do

Answer 34

carries electrons and hydrogens in photosynthesis

Question 35

what does FADH2 do

Answer 35

carries hydrogens and electrons in cellular respiration