chap 5- biochemical pathways Flashcards
what are the requirements of photosynthesis
light energy
chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
water
why are plants green
chlorophylls absorb blue and red wavelengths and reflect green wavelengths
worded equation for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen
chemical equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 12H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
how is glucose used by plants
used an immediate source of energy OR stored by the plant as starch OR used as a chemical starting point for the synthesis of complex compounds, such as proteins
how is the product of photosynthesis, oxygen, used
may be used in cellular respiration or be released into the atmosphere as a waste product
where does the light dependent stage of photosynthesis occur
thylakoid membrane in the grana
inputs of light dependent stage of photosynthesis
sunlight, 12H2O, 18Pi, 18ADP, 12NADP+
outputs of light dependent stage of photosynthesis
6O2, 18ATP, 12NADPH
what happens during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis
light energy is absorbed, makes chlorophyll excited and it loses an electron. water is split
where does calvin cycle occur
stroma
inputs of calvin cycle
6CO2, 18ATP, 12NADPH
outputs of calvin cycle
Glucose, 18ADP, 18Pi, 12NADP+
what happens during the calvin cycle
carbon fixation (catalysed by RuBisCO). where glucose is built from carbon dioxide.
purpose of cellular respiration
to transfer chemical energy of glucose into the energy of ATP which can be used by cells.
how many overall ATP are made in aerobic respiration
30-32
where does glycolysis occur
in cytosol
what happens in anaerobic respiration
glycolysis
stages of aerobic respiration
glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
does glycolysis require oxygen
no
inputs of glycolysis
glucose
outputs of glycolysis
2 pyruvate, 2 loaded NADH molecules, 2 ATP molecules
what is made in anaerobic respiration in animals
lactic acid + 2ATP
what is made in anaerobic respiration in plants
ethanol + CO2 + 2ATP
what factors effect rate of cellular respiration
temp, oxygen concentration, glucose availability
where does krebs cycle occur
matrix
where does ETC occur
cristae
does krebs cycle require oxygen
yes
does ETC require oxygen
yes
inputs of krebs cycle
2 pyruvate
output of krebs cycle
6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2.
what occurs in krebs cycle
2 pyruvate diffuse into mitochondria across outer membrane (uses 2 ATP from glycolysis)
inputs of ETC
6O2, 8NADH, 2FADH2
outputs of ETC
6H2O, 26-28 ATP
what occurs in ETC
enzymes transfer the electrons to the oxygen, which reacts with H+ from the coenzymes to produce water. as ETC moves electrons through its enzyme complex the H+ ions build up in the inner membrane space. so they move into the matrix via ATP synthase which acts as a protein channel. the movement of the H+ makes the ATP synthase turn
