chap 5- biochemical pathways Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the requirements of photosynthesis

A

light energy
chlorophyll
carbon dioxide
water

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2
Q

why are plants green

A

chlorophylls absorb blue and red wavelengths and reflect green wavelengths

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3
Q

worded equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 12H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

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5
Q

how is glucose used by plants

A

used an immediate source of energy OR stored by the plant as starch OR used as a chemical starting point for the synthesis of complex compounds, such as proteins

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6
Q

how is the product of photosynthesis, oxygen, used

A

may be used in cellular respiration or be released into the atmosphere as a waste product

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7
Q

where does the light dependent stage of photosynthesis occur

A

thylakoid membrane in the grana

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8
Q

inputs of light dependent stage of photosynthesis

A

sunlight, 12H2O, 18Pi, 18ADP, 12NADP+

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9
Q

outputs of light dependent stage of photosynthesis

A

6O2, 18ATP, 12NADPH

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10
Q

what happens during the light dependent stage of photosynthesis

A

light energy is absorbed, makes chlorophyll excited and it loses an electron. water is split

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11
Q

where does calvin cycle occur

A

stroma

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12
Q

inputs of calvin cycle

A

6CO2, 18ATP, 12NADPH

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13
Q

outputs of calvin cycle

A

Glucose, 18ADP, 18Pi, 12NADP+

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14
Q

what happens during the calvin cycle

A

carbon fixation (catalysed by RuBisCO). where glucose is built from carbon dioxide.

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15
Q

purpose of cellular respiration

A

to transfer chemical energy of glucose into the energy of ATP which can be used by cells.

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16
Q

how many overall ATP are made in aerobic respiration

A

30-32

17
Q

where does glycolysis occur

A

in cytosol

18
Q

what happens in anaerobic respiration

A

glycolysis

19
Q

stages of aerobic respiration

A

glycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain

20
Q

does glycolysis require oxygen

A

no

21
Q

inputs of glycolysis

A

glucose

22
Q

outputs of glycolysis

A

2 pyruvate, 2 loaded NADH molecules, 2 ATP molecules

23
Q

what is made in anaerobic respiration in animals

A

lactic acid + 2ATP

24
Q

what is made in anaerobic respiration in plants

A

ethanol + CO2 + 2ATP

25
Q

what factors effect rate of cellular respiration

A

temp, oxygen concentration, glucose availability

26
Q

where does krebs cycle occur

A

matrix

27
Q

where does ETC occur

A

cristae

28
Q

does krebs cycle require oxygen

A

yes

29
Q

does ETC require oxygen

A

yes

30
Q

inputs of krebs cycle

A

2 pyruvate

31
Q

output of krebs cycle

A

6CO2, 2ATP, 8NADH, 2FADH2.

32
Q

what occurs in krebs cycle

A

2 pyruvate diffuse into mitochondria across outer membrane (uses 2 ATP from glycolysis)

33
Q

inputs of ETC

A

6O2, 8NADH, 2FADH2

34
Q

outputs of ETC

A

6H2O, 26-28 ATP

35
Q

what occurs in ETC

A

enzymes transfer the electrons to the oxygen, which reacts with H+ from the coenzymes to produce water. as ETC moves electrons through its enzyme complex the H+ ions build up in the inner membrane space. so they move into the matrix via ATP synthase which acts as a protein channel. the movement of the H+ makes the ATP synthase turn