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Biology 3/4 > chap 11- glossary > Flashcards

chap 11- glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

arboreal

A

Arboreal- related to, or living in, trees.

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2
Q

australopithecine

A

Australopithecine- a term for bipedal apes of fossil genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus that inhabited eastern and southern Africa between 1.4 and at least 4.2 mya.

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3
Q

bipedalism

A

Bipedalism- a type of locomotion in which an organism walks on two hind limbs.

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4
Q

brachiation

A

Brachiation- a type of locomotion in which an organism swings between the limbs of trees.

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5
Q

brain case

A

Brain case- the part of the cranium that encloses the brain.

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6
Q

brow ridge

A

Brow ridge- a bony ridge above the eye sockets.

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7
Q

carrying angle

A

Carrying angle- the angle at which the femur is tilted in towards the knee.

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8
Q

cerebral cortex

A

Cerebral cortex- the outermost layer of the brain.

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9
Q

cognitive capacity

A

Cognitive capacity- an organisms innate intelligence, ability to learn, plan, evaluate, make decisions and apply new knowledge and skills.

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10
Q

cranial capacity

A

Cranial capacity- the volume of the brain case.

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11
Q

cranium

A

Cranium- the skull, excluding the mandible.

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12
Q

cultural evolution

A

Cultural evolution- the way beliefs social practices, skills and technology change over time.

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13
Q

denisovan

A

Denisovan- a distinct, but undescribed, ancient hominin known primarily from bone fragments found in Denisova Cave in Siberia.

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14
Q

dentition

A

Dentition- arrangement of the teeth.

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15
Q

exocrine gland

A

Exocrine gland- a gland that secretes a substance through a duct to the outer surface of the body.

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16
Q

foramen magnum

A

Foramen magnum- the hole in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes.

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17
Q

gracile

A

of slender build

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18
Q

hallux

A

Hallux- the big toe, or innermost toe of the foot.

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19
Q

haplogroup

A

Haplogroup- a group of organisms that have the same genetic mutations in a single chromosome and are descendants of a common ancestor through either the maternal (mtDNA) or the paternal (Y chromosome) line of inheritance.

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20
Q

haplotype

A

Haplotype- the unique combination of genetic mutations in the DNA sequences of a single chromosome (e.g. mtDNA or Y chromosome) that are shared by different organisms and indicate common ancestry.

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21
Q

hominin

A

Hominin- a member of tribe Hominini; modern humans and their extinct bipedal ancestors.

22
Q

hominoid

A

Hominoid- a member of the superfamily Hominidae; an ape, or tail-less primate.

23
Q

kya

A

thousands of years ago

24
Q

language

A

Language- the system of spoken or written communication comprising distinctive words and the rules by which the words are organised and expressed.

25
Q

mammal

A

Mammal- a warm-blooded vertebrate animal that has hair or fur, and the females secrete milk to nourish their offspring.

26
Q

mammary gland

A

Mammary gland- a gland in female mammals that produces milk.

27
Q

mandible

A

Mandible- the lower jawbone of the skull.

28
Q

midden

A

Midden- a pile of discarded waste left by humans in the past.

29
Q

oviparous

A

Oviparous- an animal that lays eggs that are expelled from the body and from which juveniles hatch.

30
Q

paleoanthropology

A

Palaeoanthropology- the field of study concerned with fossil hominins.

31
Q

placental

A

Placental- describes an animal in which he foetus develops inside the mother while attached to an organ that provides nutrients and oxygen and removes wastes.

32
Q

postcranial

A

Postcranial- all of the skeleton, except the skull.

33
Q

precision grip

A

Precision grip- a grip defined by the tips of the thumb and fingers pressing together to finely manipulate an object.

34
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

Prefrontal cortex- the portion of cerebral cortex that covers the front part of the brain.

35
Q

prehensile

A

Prehensile- capable of curling and grasping.

36
Q

primate

A

Primate- a member of the order Primata; includes lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes and modern humans.

37
Q

prognathism

A

Prognathism- a condition in which the jaws protrude from the plane of the face.

38
Q

quadrapedalism

A

Quadrapedalism- a type of locomotion in which an organism walks on four limbs.

39
Q

recent single origin

A

Recent single origin- a hypothesis that modern humans evolved in Africa and subsequently migrated out and colonised the other continents; also known as Out of Africa hypothesis.

40
Q

robust

A

of sturdy build

41
Q

sagittal crest

A

Sagittal crest- a prominent raised bony ridge along the midline of the skull.

42
Q

sagittal keel

A

Sagittal keel- a thickening of bone along the midline of the skull.

43
Q

sebaceous gland

A

Sebaceous gland- a gland in the skin that secretes oils that lubricate and protect patches of skin and hair.

44
Q

sexual dimorphism

A

Sexual dimorphism- where males and females of a species have different morphologies, often in shape or size.

45
Q

stereoscopic

A

Stereoscopic- describes vision that has a sense of depth.

46
Q

superfamily

A

Superfamily- a taxonomic rank immediately superior to the traditional rank of family; a superfamily may contain multiple taxonomic families.

47
Q

suspensory locomotion

A

Suspensory locomotion- a type of locomotion in which an organism hangs or moves beneath the limbs of trees.

48
Q

sweat gland

A

Sweat gland- a gland in the skin that secretes sweat.

49
Q

tribe

A

Tribe- a taxonomic rank inserted between family and genus.

50
Q

viviparous

A

Viviparous- an animal that gives birth to live young.

Biology 3/4 (22 decks)

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