chap 5- glossary Flashcards
Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA- a molecule used to convey carbon atoms to the Krebs Cycle.
Aerobe
Aerobe- an organism that requires oxygen to survive and reproduce.
alcoholic fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation- a form of anaerobic respiration (no oxygen present); glucose is converted to ethanol, a type of alcohol.
anaerobe
Anaerobe- an organism that does not require oxygen to survive and reproduce.
autotroph
Autotroph- an organism that makes its own food from inorganic substances, using light (through photosynthesis) or chemical energy (through chemosynthesis); includes green plants, algae and certain bacteria.
biofuel
Biofuel- a fuel that has used biomass as its original source.
biomass
Biomass- the total dry weight of organic material.
C3 plant
C3 plant- a plant that directly uses CO2 as an input for photosynthesis.
CAM plant
CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) plant- a plant that shuts its stomata during the day and fixes carbon during the night when its stomata are open; an adaptation to hot dry environments.
Carbon fixation
Carbon Fixation- the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates in the stroma of chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells.
chemoautotroph
Chemoautotroph- an organism that makes its own food from inorganic substances, using chemicals as the primary energy source.
cristae
Cristae- the folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane into the matrix, thus increasing the total surface area of the inner membrane.
cytochrome
Cytochrome- a family of membrane-bound proteins that carry out electron transport; located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and in chloroplast thylakoid membrane.
grana
Grana- the stack of thylakoid membranes in a chloroplast that contain chlorophyll.
heterotroph
Heterotroph- an organism that cannot make its own organic compounds from simple inorganic material; it depends on other organisms for nutrients and energy requirements.