chap 10

Question 1

Boyars

Answer 1

Russian nobles

Question 2

Steppe

Answer 2

Region where Eastern Slavs were found

Question 3

Mosaic

Answer 3

Many pieces of glass or clay to create a picture

Question 4

Iconoclasts

Answer 4

Image breakers

Question 5

Missionaries

Answer 5

Set up schools and hospitals

Question 6

Illuminated manuscripts

Answer 6

Religious document with elaborate designs

Question 7

Clergy

Answer 7

Lowest church officials

Question 8

Czar

Answer 8

Russian name for Caesar

Question 9

Monastery

Answer 9

Religious community

Question 10

Schism

Answer 10

Separation between East and West Christianity

Question 11

The first emperors of the Byzantine Empire were

Answer 11

Roman

Question 12

Empress Theodora was the champion of

Answer 12

Women’s rights

Question 13

The Catholic Popes and Byzantine emperors were against each other because of

Answer 13

Religious differences

Question 14

Leader of the Franks and “emperor” of Roman Empire

Answer 14

Charlemagne

Question 15

The group to finally bring down Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire.

Answer 15

Ottoman Turks

Question 16

The territory of the Eastern Slavs stretched from the Baltic Sea to the

Answer 16

Black Sea

Question 17

Princess Olga was the first of the Slavic nobility to accept

Answer 17

Christianity

Question 18

The Mongols were not able to take Novgorod because of

Answer 18

mud

Question 19

The Metropolitan was the head of

Answer 19

Eastern Orthodoxy

Question 20

The Orthodox church stressed that the duty of the people is to submit to the authority of the

Answer 20

Government

Question 21

Major production industry in the Byzantine Empire

Answer 21

Silk-weaving

Question 22

Name the Slavs gave to the Mongols

Answer 22

Tatars

Question 23

What inspired Byzantine artists?

Answer 23

Religious beliefs

Question 24

Orthodox Christianity was originally introduced to Russia by-

Answer 24

Byzantine missionaries

Question 25

Why did Kiev attract missionaries and traders?

Answer 25

It was located on a trade route between the Black and Baltic seas.

Question 26

What language was predominantly spoken in the Byzantine Empire?

Answer 26

Greek

Question 27

What did the region of Kiev lack compared to other civilizations?

Answer 27

Cities

Question 28

Nearly bankrupted the Eastern Roman Empire due to his military expansion

Answer 28

Justinian

Question 29

The attacks of the ______ Turks caused the first crusade.

Answer 29

Seljuk

Question 30

The Dnieper and ___ rivers were important trade routes for the Slavs.

Answer 30

Volga

Question 31

______ is the religion that religion is subservient to the government.

Answer 31

Caesaropapism

Question 32

Mongols invaded _____ because the _____ Byzantine State had weakened them by cutting off trade.

Answer 32

Kiev, Catholic

Question 33

The _____ sacked Constantinople during the fourth Crusade.

Answer 33

Crusaders

Question 34

The Grand Prince, ______, strengthened ties to Western Europe through ______,

Answer 34

Yaroslav, Marriages

Question 35

______ was the first Viking ruler of the Eastern Slavs.

Answer 35

Rurik

Question 36

Ivan the Great ruled ______ and refused to pay taxes to the Mongols.

Answer 36

Moscow

Question 37

map

Answer 37

JCMR

Question 38

Describe at least two issues that either caused or worsened the schism between the churches.

Answer 38

1. The Pope and the Patriarch both thought they were the supreme leader of the church. They challenged each other over control of different churches in the Balkan peninsula.
2. The iconoclastic controversy also helped split the churches. Leo III wanted all icons to be removed from churches, but the Pope and other officials refused to remove them.
3. In the battle against the Lombard, they enlisted the help of the “Franks”, led by Charlemagne. The pope gave Charlemagne the title of “emperor”, despite the fact that the only person who could legally grant that was the Byzantine Ruler.

Question 39

SPECIFICALLY, what elements contributed, and in what way, to the fall of the Byzantine Empire (aside from Justinian)?

Answer 39

1. The unending attacks from the Lombards, Avars, Slavs, and Persians greatly weakened the empire.
2. In 1071, the Byzantine empire and Venice teamed up to help regain land and strengthen the economy. However, this failed, and the Byzantines lost control of trade.
3. Also in 1071, the Seljuk turks defeated the Byzantine empire in Manzikert.
4. In the fourth crusade, the christian crusaders sacked the center of Christianity, Constantinople.
5. Finally, the Ottoman Turks finally ended the empire.
6. ps i forgor the schism of the church also weakened the empires sense of unity.

Question 40

What was the “Third Rome” and why did it come to be known as that?

Answer 40

The “Third Rome” was Moscow. After Constantinople fell in 1453, Moscow stood by itself as the center of the Eastern Orthodox church. Ivan the III married Sophia, niece of the last Byzantine empire, which gave him a connection to the Roman throne. He took the title czar (“caesar”). Moscow and its neighboring lands became Russia.