Biology molecules Flashcards
Inorganic compound
Lacks carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic compound ex.
Water (H20) salt (NACI)
Organic compound
Has both carbon and hydrogen together
Organic compound ex.
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
4 major macro molecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Monosacharides
Carbohydrate made up of 1 type of sugar (glucose)
Disaccharides
Made up of 2 sugars bonded together (maltose (glucose + glucose = maltose))
Polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrate made up of chains up of monosaccharides
Polysaccharide ex
Starch - food storage compound found in plants
Cellulose - makes up the cell wall of plants
Glycogen - a food storage compound in animals
Carbohydrates function:
Store and provide energy (ex. Sugar, starches)
Monomers function:
Building blocks - glucose (a monosaccharide)
Lipids
Insoluble in water, insulation
Lipids function:
Provide energy, cell membrane
Ex. Fats, oil, water
Monomers/ polymers
- fatty acids (glycerol + trialyceride)
- saturated vs unsaturated
- phospholids
Protein functions:
-structure
-regulate body process
-enzymes - catalyze, speed up, chemical reactions
Protein ex.
Meat proteins, wheat proteins, soy proteins
Polymers of protein
Make up C, H, O, and N
There are 20 different types of________
Amino acids
Amino acids are held together by a
Peptide bond
When a peptide bond is formed
A water molecule is lost
Pipeptide
2 amino acids joined together by a peptide bond
Tripartite
Dipeptide amd an amino acid
Polypeptide
Long chain of amino acids
Monomers
Amino acids- building blocks of protein
Nucleic acids function
Control protein structures thus control cellular function
Store and transmit hereditary I found
Nucleic acids
Monomers/ polymers
Nucleo tides
How DNA works
Nucleic acids ex.
DNA, RNA (polymers)
Carbohydrates elements
H oc
Carbohydrates monomer ex
Monosacharide (glucose)
Carbohydrates polymer ex
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, chitin
Lipids elements
H oc(P)
Lipids monomer ex
Fatty acid, glycerol
Lipids polymer ex
Phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids
Proteins elements
C,H,O,N, (S)
Proteins monomer ex
Amino acids
Proteins polymer ex
Dipeptide, polypeptide, tripeptide
Nucleic acids elements
C,H,O,N,P
Nucleic acids monomers ex
Nucleotides
Nucleic acids polymer ex
RNA and DNa
Carbohydrates (carbs) function
Provide and store energy, provide protection and support
Lipids function
Long term energy source, maim part of cell membrane
Proteins function
Provide enzymes, structure and regulate body precess
Nucleic acids function
Translate genetic information, provides sequence for protein synthesis
Cellulose in
Plant cells
Chitin is in
Fungus cell walls
Galactose
Fructose
Glucose
Sugar (-ose sugar)
Saccharide
Sugar
name for an electronically charged atom
ion
water molecules are both
adhesive and cohesive
why is water both cohesive and adhesive
polar covalent and hydrogen bonding
water can absorb
large amounts of heat
oxygen has how many protons
8
hydrogen has how many protons
1
oxygen likes
electrons
electrons prefer
oxygen over hydrogen
cohesion
water sticks to itself
cohesion example
some bugs can walk on water
cohesion causes
water tension
adhesion
sticks to other things
adhesion causes
capillary movement
adhesion example
plants suck up water to move to other parts
water is the
universal solvent
universal solvent means
(water) dissolves most things
whats the way to measure ph level
logarithmic scale
whats nuetral 7 on the logarithmic scale
water
what has a ph above 7
bases
what has a ph below 7
acids
bases example
milk blood ammonia
acids example
`tomato juice, vinegar, battery acid
hydroxide
(OH-)
hydrogen
(H+)
acids contribute to
H+ (hydrogen) ions to solution
bases remove
H+ (hydrogen) ions and adds OH- (hydroxide) ions
organisms can only tolerate
small changes in ph
OPTIMUM LEVEL
ph level a cell works best at
measure ph with
probe ware or ph paper
at very low temps
the reaction rate is slow
high temps or extreme ph
can irreversibly change the way proteins function and their structure
in multiecellular the fluid within the cells
are a near constant ph and is maintained w buffer systems
ALL LIVING THINGS HAVE
CARBON
monosaccharide
carbohydrate made of one type of sugar (ex. glucose)
disaccharides
made of 2 sugars bonded together (ex. glucose + glucose = maltose)
polysaccharide
complex carbohydrate made of chains of monosaccharides
polysaccharide example
starch
food storage compound in plants
cellulose makes the cell wall of plants
glycogen a food storage compound in plants